Unlocking the hidden power of bamboo rhizomes: A comprehensive review of their role in nutrient storage, water retention, and plant growth

Bamboo, a versatile and ecologically significant plant, has garnered substantial research attention in recent years. India is, home to 137 bamboo species across 31 genera that are widely distributed in natural forest and the country is a major contributor to global bamboo diversity. Bamboo rhizomes are classified into three types: sympodial, monopodial, and amphipodial, each with distinct growth patterns. The rhizosphere surrounding these rhizomes harbours a diverse community of fungi and bacteria that, play a vital role in nutrient uptake and plant health. Bamboo rhizomes also act as essential carbon sinks, contributing to climate change mitigation. Additionally, they possess phytoremediation potential, capable of absorbing heavy metals from contaminated soils. The economic importance of bamboo rhizomes extends to various applications, including construction materials, food, and medicinal uses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of bamboo rhizomes, highlighting their crucial roles in nutrient storage, water retention, and rapid growth. We emphasize the importance of further research into the conservation and sustainable use of bamboo rhizomes, as they hold a key role in unlocking the full potential of this remarkable plant. Additionally, the review lays a solid foundation for future studies and underscores the importance of recognizing and protecting the untapped potential of bamboo rhizomes.