亚美尼亚科塔伊克省旧石器时代中晚期岩石掩体Lusakert-1的地质考古、年代学和环境

Keith N. Wilkinson , Ethel Allué , Simon J. Armitage , Adam van Arsdale , Guy Bar-Oz , Alex Brittingham , Boris Gasparyan , Jayson Gill , Philip Glauberman , Thomas F.G. Higham , Ellery Frahm , Tanner Kovach , Vasilija Lukich , Carolina Mallol , Yannick Raczynski-Henk , Iván Rey Rodríguez , Jennifer E. Sherriff , Aayush Srivastava , Lior Weissbrod , Reuven Yeshurun , Daniel S. Adler
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引用次数: 0

摘要

卢萨克特-1 (LKT-1)是讨论亚美尼亚高地旧石器时代的关键地点。这在很大程度上是因为20世纪70年代至80年代的长期挖掘活动,他们发现了一组黑曜石人工制品,然后被解释为跨越了旧石器时代的中下部。我们在2008年至2012年的重新调查显示,在LKT-1岩石掩体内部有被占领的证据,包括灰烬、黑曜石文物和人类改造的骨头。岩石掩体内的沉积物与冲积沉积物相互交错,冲积沉积物沉积在赫拉兹丹河的一条现已废弃的曲流中,表明占领发生在洪泛区边缘。人工制品在类型学上属于中旧石器时代,根据显微形态和岩石地层观察的改造和推断,在岩洞内部以接近原位的状态保存下来。然而,从岩石掩体外部的冲积层中恢复的人工制品是次要的。除了石器的生产和使用,以及生火,野山羊和野驴的屠杀也被记录下来。这些活动很可能是季节性的,因为猫头鹰——一种躲避人类的猛禽——使用过这个地方的证据在许多岩棚地层学中都被发现了。放射性碳测年和发光测年表明,遮岩层序的形成时间为65 ~ 34 ka,即海相同位素阶段3。事实上,正构烷烃的微形态和稳定同位素表明,该地区暖湿和干冷气候之间的变化是MIS 3的特征。然而,稳定的同位素数据、脊椎动物遗骸和木材木炭表明,尽管树木植被与潮湿阶段的沉积物积累有关,但草原植被始终占主导地位。LKT-1提供了一个独特而详细的视角来研究旧石器时代晚期之前亚美尼亚高地的人类行为和古环境,并可与更广泛地区不断增长的旧石器时代中期记录进行有价值的比较。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The geoarchaeology, chronology and environment of Lusakert-1, a Late Middle Palaeolithic rockshelter (Kotayk Province, Armenia)
Lusakert-1 (LKT-1) is a key site in any discussion of the Palaeolithic of the Armenian Highlands. This is in large part because of a long-running campaign of excavation in the 1970–1980s which recovered an obsidian artefact assemblage that was then interpreted as spanning the Lower–Upper Palaeolithic. Our reinvestigation in 2008–2012 revealed evidence of occupation in the interior of the LKT-1 rockshelter comprising spreads of ash, obsidian artefacts and human-modified bone. Deposits inside the rockshelter interdigitate with alluvial sediments deposited in a now-abandoned meander of the river Hrazdan demonstrating that occupation took place at the floodplain edge. Artefacts are typologically Middle Palaeolithic, and based on refits and inferences made from micromorphological and lithostratigraphical observation, are preserved in a near in situ state in the rockshelter interior. Artefacts recovered from alluvial strata on the rockshelter exterior are, however, in a secondary context. In addition to stone tool production and use, and the laying of fires, the butchery of wild goat and wild ass is also documented. These activities likely took place seasonally given that evidence of the use of the site by owls - raptors that avoid humans - is found through much of the rockshelter stratigraphy. Radiocarbon and luminescence dating indicate that the rockshelter sequence accumulated in the 65–34 ka interval, i.e. during Marine Isotope Stage 3. Indeed, micromorphological and stable isotopes of n-alkanes demonstrate changes between the warm-humid and cool-dry climates that characterise MIS 3 in the region. Nevertheless, stable isotope data, vertebrate remains, and wood charcoal suggest that grassland vegetation dominated throughout, albeit that arboreal vegetation is associated with deposits accumulating during humid phases. LKT-1 offers a unique and detailed perspective on hominin behaviour and palaeoenvironments in the Armenian Highlands prior to the Upper Palaeolithic and serves as a valuable comparison to the growing Middle Palaeolithic record of the broader region.
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