Intuitive stent simulation with internal cavity airway models created by a consumer-grade three-dimensional printer: A case series

Airway stenting, which can cause life-threatening complications, requires advanced techniques as well as safe and reliable procedures. Learning effective techniques and accurately identifying and simulating malignant airway stenosis before the procedure are crucial. However, traditional methods that use three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography images displayed on two-dimensional screens have limitations in accurately visualizing and simulating airway conditions. To address these issues, this study presents the creation of 3D airway models using a consumer-grade 3D printer. These cost-effective and time-efficient models replicate the airway lumen, allowing precise stent placement simulations and enhancing the learning process of airway stenting techniques. In a case series of five patients with malignant airway stenosis, these models facilitated effective stent placement, enhanced the understanding of airway anatomy, and contributed to procedural success. This study's findings suggest that the use of 3D airway models has substantial potential for broader clinical applications in airway stenting. However, evidence for the widespread adoption of this technology is insufficient, and further research is needed.