{"title":"多重动机:蓝猴子的对抗联盟和干预","authors":"Kyle Rotter, Marina Cords","doi":"10.1002/ajp.23719","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n <p>Primates are known for forming agonistic coalitions, but most data come from species in which agonism occurs frequently and rank predicts fitness. We analyzed coalitions and interventions in wild blue monkeys (<i>Cercopithecus mitis</i>), in which both agonism and third-party involvement are relatively rare, and in which rank does not predict fitness. Data came from a long-term study in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya, spanning 12 years and 12 groups. Intervening animals both supported winners and defended losers, and coalition partners nearly always prevailed over their opponent. Adult females were joiners and juveniles were coalition-recipients disproportionately, while opponents were disproportionately adults, especially males. A multivariate analysis confirmed these patterns and also showed that joiners were most likely to support the original contestant who was winning (vs. unclear outcome or losing) and the one to whom they were more closely related. A subset of the data showed higher odds of joining the higher- versus lower-ranking original opponent. In high-risk interventions (coalition recipient losing, joiner smaller than opponent), the preference for more related opponents was magnified. Blue monkeys intervening in agonistic disputes appear to take sides in ways that minimize costs by supporting the winner, while maximizing inclusive fitness benefits by preferring the more closely related contestant, especially when intervention is risky. Their additional tendencies to support young individuals versus older ones, all else equal, suggest an additional motivation to protect vulnerable group-mates. Coalitions of smaller-bodied groupmates may contribute to the social peripheralization of the group's adult male.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7662,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Primatology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Multiple Motivations: Agonistic Coalitions and Interventions in Blue Monkeys\",\"authors\":\"Kyle Rotter, Marina Cords\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/ajp.23719\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n <p>Primates are known for forming agonistic coalitions, but most data come from species in which agonism occurs frequently and rank predicts fitness. We analyzed coalitions and interventions in wild blue monkeys (<i>Cercopithecus mitis</i>), in which both agonism and third-party involvement are relatively rare, and in which rank does not predict fitness. Data came from a long-term study in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya, spanning 12 years and 12 groups. Intervening animals both supported winners and defended losers, and coalition partners nearly always prevailed over their opponent. Adult females were joiners and juveniles were coalition-recipients disproportionately, while opponents were disproportionately adults, especially males. A multivariate analysis confirmed these patterns and also showed that joiners were most likely to support the original contestant who was winning (vs. unclear outcome or losing) and the one to whom they were more closely related. A subset of the data showed higher odds of joining the higher- versus lower-ranking original opponent. In high-risk interventions (coalition recipient losing, joiner smaller than opponent), the preference for more related opponents was magnified. Blue monkeys intervening in agonistic disputes appear to take sides in ways that minimize costs by supporting the winner, while maximizing inclusive fitness benefits by preferring the more closely related contestant, especially when intervention is risky. Their additional tendencies to support young individuals versus older ones, all else equal, suggest an additional motivation to protect vulnerable group-mates. Coalitions of smaller-bodied groupmates may contribute to the social peripheralization of the group's adult male.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7662,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"American Journal of Primatology\",\"volume\":\"87 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-12-29\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"American Journal of Primatology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajp.23719\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ZOOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Journal of Primatology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajp.23719","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ZOOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Multiple Motivations: Agonistic Coalitions and Interventions in Blue Monkeys
Primates are known for forming agonistic coalitions, but most data come from species in which agonism occurs frequently and rank predicts fitness. We analyzed coalitions and interventions in wild blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis), in which both agonism and third-party involvement are relatively rare, and in which rank does not predict fitness. Data came from a long-term study in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya, spanning 12 years and 12 groups. Intervening animals both supported winners and defended losers, and coalition partners nearly always prevailed over their opponent. Adult females were joiners and juveniles were coalition-recipients disproportionately, while opponents were disproportionately adults, especially males. A multivariate analysis confirmed these patterns and also showed that joiners were most likely to support the original contestant who was winning (vs. unclear outcome or losing) and the one to whom they were more closely related. A subset of the data showed higher odds of joining the higher- versus lower-ranking original opponent. In high-risk interventions (coalition recipient losing, joiner smaller than opponent), the preference for more related opponents was magnified. Blue monkeys intervening in agonistic disputes appear to take sides in ways that minimize costs by supporting the winner, while maximizing inclusive fitness benefits by preferring the more closely related contestant, especially when intervention is risky. Their additional tendencies to support young individuals versus older ones, all else equal, suggest an additional motivation to protect vulnerable group-mates. Coalitions of smaller-bodied groupmates may contribute to the social peripheralization of the group's adult male.
期刊介绍:
The objective of the American Journal of Primatology is to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas and findings among primatologists and to convey our increasing understanding of this order of animals to specialists and interested readers alike.
Primatology is an unusual science in that its practitioners work in a wide variety of departments and institutions, live in countries throughout the world, and carry out a vast range of research procedures. Whether we are anthropologists, psychologists, biologists, or medical researchers, whether we live in Japan, Kenya, Brazil, or the United States, whether we conduct naturalistic observations in the field or experiments in the lab, we are united in our goal of better understanding primates. Our studies of nonhuman primates are of interest to scientists in many other disciplines ranging from entomology to sociology.