Research progress of one-dimensional van der Waals atomic chain materials

Due to the influence of quantum confinement effect, two-dimensional (2D) materials like graphene exhibit unique and exceptional properties, highlighting the significance of low-dimensional materials in fundamental research and practical applications. This has led to high expectations for one-dimensional (1D) atomic chain materials with even lower dimensions. Compared with 2D materials, single 1D atomic chains reach their physical limits in both dimensions, resulting in a more pronounced quantum confinement effect that gives rise to unexpected physical phenomena and will establish a new field for exploration. Herein, we review the emerging field concerning 1D van der Waals (vdW) atomic chains. We first summarize the various types and structures of their bulk of the 1D vdW materials. Subsequently, we discuss the methods employed for their preparation and characterization. Finally, we analyze the challenges faced during the development of 1D atomic chains and provide prospects for their future development.