Deep eutectic solvent engineering: a novel ternary system for efficient lignocellulose extraction†

The effective processing and utilization of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) are essential for sustainable development. In this work, we present a novel ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) system comprising glycerol, potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃), and polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG-200), designed to enhance the deconstruction of LCB through its low viscosity and improved solubility. The system's low viscosity (2.87–26.48 Pa s) ensures excellent fluidity and accessibility, significantly improving mass and heat transfer during reactions. Furthermore, the increased solubility (39.21–54.66% w/w) further boosts lignin dissolution, leading to more efficient separation. Under optimal conditions, the removal rates of hemicellulose and lignin reached 81.93% and 96.37%, respectively, with a cellulose yield of up to 73.65%. Moreover, the cellulose-rich residues resulting from this process exhibit desirable properties such as high crystallinity, excellent thermal stability, and robust processing capabilities, marking them as valuable materials for efficient downstream processing and applications. The development of this ternary DES system represents a greener and more sustainable approach to LCB treatment, offering a transformative solution poised to advance the future of bio-based industries. This innovative system not only improves the efficiency of biomass processing, but also aligns with environmental sustainability goals, supporting the broader adoption of eco-friendly technologies in industrial applications.