Research on the characteristics and influence factors of residential building energy usage patterns: A case study in Beijing

With the increase demand on electricity for urban residential living, compounded by factors such as frequent extreme weather events, residential electricity demand has significantly risen. This study did the investigation on building energy consumption habits of residents in Beijing urban areas, combined with real residential electricity bills acquired through State Grid Corporation of China, to explore the energy usage patterns and influence factors. By questionnaire statistics, households were divided into 6 categories and the electrical appliances usage characteristics and energy consumption levels were analyzed. The research identified urban residents' living habits and electricity usage, revealing significant quantitative relationship among electricity consumption, family structure, economic level and so on with principal component analysis (PCA). The analysis of household electricity consumption showed that households simultaneously including workers, school students, and people who usually stay in homes (e.g. retired, unemployed) had the highest average annual energy consumption at 4226 kWh/household, which was 1134–1625 kWh/household higher than homes without members staying in during office hours. The combination of air conditioners (ACs) and electric fans is found to be commonly used in residential buildings, and this method is highly effective in energy conservation. Additionally, it is indicated that 46.5 % of residents were willing to participate in the strategy of flexible energy use. Amidst the comprehensive electrification trend in buildings, this study is of great significance for energy conservation, emission reduction, and demand-side management.