Addressing energy poverty: Regional trends and examples of best practice

Based on the definition of the United Nations Development Programme, energy poverty refers to the lack of access to modern energy services, including electricity and clean cooking facilities, primarily affecting millions in low-income and developing countries. Access to energy is one of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG7), advocating clean energy for all. This study seeks to bridge gaps in understanding the drivers and impacts of energy poverty while presenting strategies to address it. It employs a three-fold methodological framework. First, it conducts a comprehensive assessment of the factors contributing to energy poverty, supported by a review of relevant literature to highlight existing knowledge gaps. Second, it examines the socio-economic impacts of energy poverty across different regions globally, focusing on its prevalence and consequences disparities. Third, the paper analyzes international case studies showcasing pioneering strategies and innovative approaches - defined as novel, scalable, and context-sensitive solutions - to enhance energy access. The findings underscore the widespread and severe socio-economic consequences of energy poverty, particularly in Africa, the most affected region. Despite its significance, energy poverty remains inadequately addressed in policy-making processes. The results from this study may provide a new impulse towards their upscaling and replication of successful approaches documented in the case studies, helping developing countries to address their energy needs and generate income at the local level. By offering a critical review of socio-economic deficiencies and presenting innovative solutions, this paper advances the discourse on energy poverty and supports global efforts towards energy equity.