Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for CO2 utilizations

The levels of greenhouse gases, and in particular, carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions due to anthropogenic activities, have greatly inflated, and this has contributed to climate fluctuation and global warming. In 2023, the CO₂ emissions went up by 1.1 % to arrive at a figure of 37.4 g/t. There is now a good prospect of converting CO₂ into other products, thanks to the active research into the use of COFs for CO₂ capture and conversion. COFs as a new class of porous crystalline materials are synthesized by organic units linked like benzene and triazine, sanines, and porphyrines. Production procedures may result in COFs impurities, therefore, an activation paragraph is required to outweigh the deficiency and improve the efficiency of the COFs. Even though it is difficult to achieve these characteristics in humid conditions where temperature and pressure are in the normal operating conditions of COFs, their low density, highly porous surface areas, large pore volume, and adjustable pore size, all vice versa are effective in carbon capture. This review focuses on the fact that COFs' structural properties are vital to the success of the CO₂ capture and storage processes. It also assesses the possibility of creating cyclic carbonates or other organic compounds to solve environmental issues effectively.