Frost-resistant embankments with a novel ground source heat pump system

This study introduces a novel artificial heating technique aimed at addressing frost heave issues in embankments on frozen ground, offering a sustainable solution. Initial evaluations assessed various heating systems, including boilers, heat pumps, solar heaters, and electric heaters, focusing on their thermal performance and applicability. The study subsequently designed and implemented a direct-expansion ground source heat pump (DX-GSHP) system as the primary heat source for embankment warming. Rigorous testing confirmed the DX-GSHP system's ability to maintain a heat-supply temperature above 40 °C and a heat-absorption temperature below −3.5 °C, effectively extracting geothermal energy for transfer to the topsoil layers. With a demonstrated coefficient of performance (COP) of 3.49, the DX-GSHP system not only proves its energy efficiency but also suggests a potential role in reducing the strain on electricity supply systems. Installation of DX-GSHPs, with heating capacities ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 kW and spaced at intervals of 2.0–4.0 m, provides a rapid thermal response to frost heave in single-track railway embankments, thereby potentially mitigating frost-induced damage in cold climate regions.