Harnessing sustainable biochar-based composites for effective PFAS removal from wastewater

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have garnered significant attention because of their persistence and detrimental environmental impacts, posing major challenges in wastewater treatment. Yet, traditional treatment methods fall short of providing a sustainable solution. This study argues that biochar-based composites represent the most promising innovative solution for PFAS remediation. Biochar, produced through the pyrolysis of organic materials, possesses beneficial properties such as high porosity, surface area, and surface functionality, making it highly effective in removing various environmental pollutants. Recent advancements in biochar technology, such as incorporating materials like metal oxides, nanoparticles, metal–organic frameworks, and functionalized polymers, have only increased its efficacy. This article explores the latest developments in biochar-based PFAS removal, including adsorption mechanisms, while critically addressing the current limitations. The findings indicate that biochar-based composites offer a scalable, practical, and effective approach to mitigating PFAS contamination, and should be prioritized over conventional treatment methods.