Right side Bochdalek's hernia with right herniated thoracic renal ectopia: A case report and review of literature

Introduction and importance

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is an uncommon defect of the diaphragm that can cause the abdominal contents to herniate into the chest cavity, putting the newborn at risk for complications with the heart and lungs. The spectrum of congenital diaphragmatic hernia disease can include acute respiratory failure that manifests as neonatal death, as well as asymptomatic problems that are not detected during the neonatal era.

Case presentation

A 6 kilogram, 4-month-old baby had been breathing rapidly for two weeks. According to the mother, he has also had breastfeeding interruption, dry intermittent cough, and high-grade intermittent fever. Meanwhile, the patient was diagnosed with severe acute malnutrition, severe pneumonia, and a congenital diaphragmatic hernia complicated with Intrathoracic ectopic kidney. He was admitted to pediatric ward and managed with intravenous antibiotics, intranasal oxygen and Formula-75 for two weeks.

Clinical discussion

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a rare kind of congenital surgical problem. The diaphragm fails to close during embryonic development, leading to intrathoracic abdominal viscera herniation, as well as variable degrees of pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure at birth. Intrathoracic ectopic kidneys are exceptionally rare. They represent only <5 % of renal ectopia. The prognosis for early presenters in high-income nations has improved because of advancements in newborn care; nevertheless, in Africa, the situation is still dire.

Conclusion

Congenital diaphragmatic hernias with Intrathoracic ectopic kidneys are exceptionally rare. Compared to congenital diaphragmatic hernias linked to other abnormalities or syndromes, isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernias have a higher survival rate.