Claudia Quitmann , Leonard Terres , Andy Maun , Rainer Sauerborn , Emma Reynolds , Till Bärnighausen , Alina Herrmann , Bernd Franke
{"title":"评估医院的温室气体排放:开放获取计算器的开发及其在德国案例研究中的应用","authors":"Claudia Quitmann , Leonard Terres , Andy Maun , Rainer Sauerborn , Emma Reynolds , Till Bärnighausen , Alina Herrmann , Bernd Franke","doi":"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100262","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hospitals are major contributors to climate change. It is therefore essential to identify the main sources of hospitals’ greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to develop and monitor mitigation measures. Yet, a transparent and comprehensive hospital-specific GHG accounting methodology is currently lacking. We have developed a hybrid methodology that follows the <em>GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard</em> to calculate emissions. We used bottom-up approaches to scope 1 and 2 and, where feasible, to scope 3. Due to data scarcity, we used top-down approaches for several scope-3-categories. As a case study demonstration, we applied this methodology to a German university hospital: Scope 3 accounted for the majority of GHG emissions (164,529 t CO<sub>2</sub>e (71%)), while scopes 1 (6008 t CO<sub>2</sub>e (3%)) and 2 (60,565 t CO<sub>2</sub>e (26%)) contributed less. Methodological challenges remain, such as a limited accuracy and monitoring options for top-down approaches. Nonetheless, this case study demonstrates that the developed methodology supports hospitals in measuring GHG emissions as part of their regulatory requirements and responsibility to safeguard planetary health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34616,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100262"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Assessing greenhouse gas emissions in hospitals: The development of an open-access calculator and its application to a German case-study\",\"authors\":\"Claudia Quitmann , Leonard Terres , Andy Maun , Rainer Sauerborn , Emma Reynolds , Till Bärnighausen , Alina Herrmann , Bernd Franke\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.cesys.2025.100262\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Hospitals are major contributors to climate change. It is therefore essential to identify the main sources of hospitals’ greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to develop and monitor mitigation measures. Yet, a transparent and comprehensive hospital-specific GHG accounting methodology is currently lacking. We have developed a hybrid methodology that follows the <em>GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard</em> to calculate emissions. We used bottom-up approaches to scope 1 and 2 and, where feasible, to scope 3. Due to data scarcity, we used top-down approaches for several scope-3-categories. As a case study demonstration, we applied this methodology to a German university hospital: Scope 3 accounted for the majority of GHG emissions (164,529 t CO<sub>2</sub>e (71%)), while scopes 1 (6008 t CO<sub>2</sub>e (3%)) and 2 (60,565 t CO<sub>2</sub>e (26%)) contributed less. Methodological challenges remain, such as a limited accuracy and monitoring options for top-down approaches. Nonetheless, this case study demonstrates that the developed methodology supports hospitals in measuring GHG emissions as part of their regulatory requirements and responsibility to safeguard planetary health.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":34616,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Cleaner Environmental Systems\",\"volume\":\"16 \",\"pages\":\"Article 100262\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-25\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Cleaner Environmental Systems\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266678942500008X\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cleaner Environmental Systems","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266678942500008X","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Assessing greenhouse gas emissions in hospitals: The development of an open-access calculator and its application to a German case-study
Hospitals are major contributors to climate change. It is therefore essential to identify the main sources of hospitals’ greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to develop and monitor mitigation measures. Yet, a transparent and comprehensive hospital-specific GHG accounting methodology is currently lacking. We have developed a hybrid methodology that follows the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard to calculate emissions. We used bottom-up approaches to scope 1 and 2 and, where feasible, to scope 3. Due to data scarcity, we used top-down approaches for several scope-3-categories. As a case study demonstration, we applied this methodology to a German university hospital: Scope 3 accounted for the majority of GHG emissions (164,529 t CO2e (71%)), while scopes 1 (6008 t CO2e (3%)) and 2 (60,565 t CO2e (26%)) contributed less. Methodological challenges remain, such as a limited accuracy and monitoring options for top-down approaches. Nonetheless, this case study demonstrates that the developed methodology supports hospitals in measuring GHG emissions as part of their regulatory requirements and responsibility to safeguard planetary health.