乐观偏差的主动推理模型。

Computational psychiatry (Cambridge, Mass.) Pub Date : 2025-01-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.5334/cpsy.125
Elizabeth L Fisher, Christopher J Whyte, Jakob Hohwy
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引用次数: 0

摘要

乐观偏见是一种认知偏见,即个体高估好结果的可能性,低估坏结果的可能性。乐观偏见与生活质量的提高有关,被认为是适应性的,是在个体缺乏乐观情绪(如重度抑郁症)的情况下进行心理健康干预的一个有希望的研究途径。在此,我们通过引入乐观偏见的领域一般形式模型,为乐观作为干预的未来研究奠定基础,该模型可以应用于不同的任务设置。采用主动推理框架,我们提出了一个乐观偏差模型,即偏向于积极结果的高精度似然。首先,我们模拟了乐观情绪是如何在开发过程中因暴露于负面事件而丧失的。然后,我们在实证文献中展示了乐观主义的发展获得性差异是如何在通常用于评估乐观偏见的信念更新任务中表达出来的。最后,我们展示了乐观情绪如何影响改进的双臂强盗任务中的行动。我们的模型及其模拟提供了一个计算基础,用于理解乐观偏见是如何出现的,它如何在用于评估乐观的标准任务中表达,以及它如何影响代理人的决策和行动;综上所述,这为未来乐观作为心理健康干预的研究提供了基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
An Active Inference Model of the Optimism Bias.

The optimism bias is a cognitive bias where individuals overestimate the likelihood of good outcomes and underestimate the likelihood of bad outcomes. Associated with improved quality of life, optimism bias is considered to be adaptive and is a promising avenue of research for mental health interventions in conditions where individuals lack optimism such as major depressive disorder. Here we lay the groundwork for future research on optimism as an intervention by introducing a domain general formal model of optimism bias, which can be applied in different task settings. Employing the active inference framework, we propose a model of the optimism bias as high precision likelihood biased towards positive outcomes. First, we simulate how optimism may be lost during development by exposure to negative events. We then ground our model in the empirical literature by showing how the developmentally acquired differences in optimism are expressed in a belief updating task typically used to assess optimism bias. Finally, we show how optimism affects action in a modified two-armed bandit task. Our model and the simulations it affords provide a computational basis for understanding how optimism bias may emerge, how it may be expressed in standard tasks used to assess optimism, and how it affects agents' decision-making and actions; in combination, this provides a basis for future research on optimism as a mental health intervention.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
0.00%
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审稿时长
17 weeks
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