{"title":"非靶向代谢组学揭示了野生番茄对白蝇和番茄叶螨抗性的脂肪酸和相关途径。","authors":"Sunil Kumaraswamy, Kalenahalli Yogendra, Paola Sotelo-Cardona, Aparna Shivanna, Sanivarapu Hemalatha, Muthugounder Mohan, Ramasamy Srinivasan","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-86191-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wild tomato species exhibit natural insect resistance, yet the specific secondary metabolites and underlying mechanisms governing the resistance remain unclear. Moreover, defense expression dynamically adapts to insect herbivory, causing significant metabolic changes and species-specific secondary metabolite accumulation. The present study aims to identify the resistance-related metabolites in wild tomato accessions that influence the defense mechanism against whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Asia II 7) and leafminer (Phthorimaea absoluta). In this study, LC-HRMS-based non-targeted metabolomics of resistant wild (Solanum cheesmaniae and Solanum galapagense) and susceptible cultivated (Solanum lycopersicum) accessions following 6- and 12-h post-infestation (hpi) by B. tabaci Asia II 7 and P. absoluta revealed distinct sets of resistance-related constitutive (RRC) and induced (RRI) metabolites. The key resistance-related metabolites were those involved in the fatty acid and associated biosynthesis pathways (e.g., triacontane, di-heptanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, undecanoic acid, N-hexadecanoic acid, pentacosane, monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, sphinganine, and 12-hydroxyjasmonic acid), which are recognized for their direct or indirect role in mediating plant defense against insects. Additionally, the differential accumulation of metabolites was evident through partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), highlighting differences in metabolite profiles between resistant and susceptible accessions at 6 and 12 hpi of B. tabaci and P. absoluta. Volcano plot analysis revealed a higher number of significantly upregulated metabolites in wild accessions following herbivory. Moreover, wild tomato accessions responded uniquely to B. tabaci and P. absoluta, highlighting species-specific metabolic responses of tomato accessions to the two feeding guilds. This study uncovered biochemical mechanisms governing resistance in wild tomato accessions, elucidated the influence of dual herbivory on the plant metabolome, and offered well-characterized parent materials and candidate metabolites for breeding insect-resistant varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"3754"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782529/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Non-targeted metabolomics reveals fatty acid and associated pathways driving resistance to whitefly and tomato leafminer in wild tomato accessions.\",\"authors\":\"Sunil Kumaraswamy, Kalenahalli Yogendra, Paola Sotelo-Cardona, Aparna Shivanna, Sanivarapu Hemalatha, Muthugounder Mohan, Ramasamy Srinivasan\",\"doi\":\"10.1038/s41598-025-86191-9\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Wild tomato species exhibit natural insect resistance, yet the specific secondary metabolites and underlying mechanisms governing the resistance remain unclear. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
野生番茄表现出天然的抗虫性，但具体的次生代谢物和控制抗虫性的潜在机制尚不清楚。此外，防御表达动态适应昆虫的食草性，引起显著的代谢变化和物种特异性的次生代谢物积累。本研究旨在鉴定野生番茄材料中影响白蝇（Bemisia tabaci Asia II 7）和叶螨（Phthorimaea absoluta）防御机制的抗性相关代谢物。在这项研究中，基于lc - hrms的非靶向代谢组学研究显示，在烟草粉虱亚洲II型7和绝对粉虱侵染后6和12小时，抗性野生（奶酪茄和galapagense茄）和易感栽培（番茄茄）材料中存在不同的抗性相关组成（RRC）和诱导（RRI）代谢物。与抗性相关的主要代谢物是参与脂肪酸及其相关生物合成途径的代谢物（如三康烷、二庚酸、十二烷酸、十一烷酸、n -十六烷酸、戊烷、单半乳糖二酰基甘油、鞘氨氨酸和12-羟基茉莉酸），这些代谢物被认为在介导植物抗虫过程中具有直接或间接的作用。此外，通过偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）可以明显看出代谢物积累的差异，突出了烟草粉虱和绝对粉虱在6和12 hpi时抗性和敏感品种之间代谢物谱的差异。火山图分析显示，野生材料在草食后显著上调的代谢物数量较多。此外，野生番茄品种对烟粉虱和绝对白粉虱有独特的反应，这表明番茄品种对这两种食料的代谢反应具有特异性。本研究揭示了野生番茄材料抗虫的生化机制，阐明了双草食对植物代谢组的影响，为培育抗虫品种提供了表征良好的亲本材料和候选代谢物。
Non-targeted metabolomics reveals fatty acid and associated pathways driving resistance to whitefly and tomato leafminer in wild tomato accessions.
Wild tomato species exhibit natural insect resistance, yet the specific secondary metabolites and underlying mechanisms governing the resistance remain unclear. Moreover, defense expression dynamically adapts to insect herbivory, causing significant metabolic changes and species-specific secondary metabolite accumulation. The present study aims to identify the resistance-related metabolites in wild tomato accessions that influence the defense mechanism against whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Asia II 7) and leafminer (Phthorimaea absoluta). In this study, LC-HRMS-based non-targeted metabolomics of resistant wild (Solanum cheesmaniae and Solanum galapagense) and susceptible cultivated (Solanum lycopersicum) accessions following 6- and 12-h post-infestation (hpi) by B. tabaci Asia II 7 and P. absoluta revealed distinct sets of resistance-related constitutive (RRC) and induced (RRI) metabolites. The key resistance-related metabolites were those involved in the fatty acid and associated biosynthesis pathways (e.g., triacontane, di-heptanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, undecanoic acid, N-hexadecanoic acid, pentacosane, monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, sphinganine, and 12-hydroxyjasmonic acid), which are recognized for their direct or indirect role in mediating plant defense against insects. Additionally, the differential accumulation of metabolites was evident through partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), highlighting differences in metabolite profiles between resistant and susceptible accessions at 6 and 12 hpi of B. tabaci and P. absoluta. Volcano plot analysis revealed a higher number of significantly upregulated metabolites in wild accessions following herbivory. Moreover, wild tomato accessions responded uniquely to B. tabaci and P. absoluta, highlighting species-specific metabolic responses of tomato accessions to the two feeding guilds. This study uncovered biochemical mechanisms governing resistance in wild tomato accessions, elucidated the influence of dual herbivory on the plant metabolome, and offered well-characterized parent materials and candidate metabolites for breeding insect-resistant varieties.
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