Vaping guidance and women's decision-making during pregnancy & postpartum

Background

Vaping during pregnancy remains under researched and under reported, making appropriate prevention, health promotion and intervention difficult to design and mount. In this article we assessed the experiences and considerations of women who vape during pregnancy and/or within 2 years post-partum, in order to underpin realistic and informative health information for women and providers in face of conflicting and minimal guidance.

Design

22 interviews were conducted with pregnant and post-partum women who vape(d) nicotine, cannabis, or both during pregnancy and/or after delivery.

Methods

Participants who were pregnant or postpartum were recruited via social media and interviews conducted on Zoom or by telephone, recorded and transcribed. Data were coded in NVivo 12 and analyzed using a combined deductive and inductive approach, and principles of abductive analysis were applied to the data.

Results

Three overarching themes related to decision making about vaping are described: women's agency in information seeking, approaches to assessing information, and ambivalence regarding vaping practices. Women looked for information on the health effects of vaping during pregnancy and made differing decisions in the context of limited research and guidance. At times, family, friends, partners, and internet resources influenced their decisions. Some women dealt with ambivalence by vaping only in private, while alone, and at home or as a convenience. The women were uniformly aware of societal judgement regarding pregnancy and substance use in general and feared being addressed by friends or strangers about vaping.

Conclusion

In the absence of definitive research and unambiguous clinical guidance, the women felt limited in finding accurate advice, but demonstrated agency in information seeking and assessment. Nonetheless, they also recounted their ambivalence regarding their vaping decisions and practices. We created varied knowledge information products to fill this void.