Analysis of energy, exergy, and emissions in a diesel engine powered by cotton silk seed oil biodiesel with varying injection timings.

To mitigate the exhaustion of hydrocarbon fuels and the rise of pollutants, one can use biofuels in diesel engines for power generation. This study examines the possibility of enhancing the performance and reducing the pollutions of a compressed ignition engine using methyl ester made from cotton silk seed oil. This study aimed to assess the energy, energy efficiency, and emissions (3E) of the Kirloskar engine operating at 1800 rpm. The test involved changing the injection timings at 21° bTDC, 23° bTDC, 25° bTDC, and 27° bTDC, as well as variable load settings at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. A mix of 20% was used in the test. The results indicate that a 23° bTDC delay in injection timing improves the efficiency, reduces exergy destruction, and decreases emissions when using cotton silk seed oil biodiesel in a diesel engine. The maximum brake thermal efficiency was achieved when the injection timing was set at 23° before top dead center under 100% load conditions. The study found that nearby was a 38.8% decrease in CO emissions and a 19.23% reduction in unburnt hydrocarbon emissions while using the same injection timing. However, there was an average rise of 10.12% in NO_X emissions compared to diesel mode. The cotton silk seed oil biodiesel was used as a substitute fuel in the test engine to achieve improved optimal outcomes.