Julia de Kadt, Anita Jeyam, Sheru W. Muuo, George Okello, Emma Jolley, Elena Schmidt
{"title":"肯尼亚学龄前儿童的发育评分和功能困难的患病率。","authors":"Julia de Kadt, Anita Jeyam, Sheru W. Muuo, George Okello, Emma Jolley, Elena Schmidt","doi":"10.1111/cch.70037","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background</h3>\n \n <p>Disability-inclusive early childhood development and education (ECDE) plays a crucial role in ensuring that all children, including those with disabilities, reach their developmental potential. However, there is little data on the prevalence of disability in mainstream ECDE in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), or on early learning and developmental outcomes of children with disabilities in these classrooms.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>Data were collected on 1756 children aged 3–9 years enrolling in ECDE at 18 schools in Homa Bay or Turkana Counties, Kenya, at the start of the 2021 and 2022 school years. The UNICEF/Washington Group Child Functioning Module (CFM) measured the prevalence of functional difficulty, and the International Development Early Learning Assessment (IDELA) measured child development and learning.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Mainstream classes in sampled preschools included significant proportions of children with functional difficulties (19.9% in Homa Bay; 8.8% in Turkana). In both sites, the odds of having at least one functional difficulty were significantly higher among those aged 5 and above (OR = 2.82 for Homa Bay; 5.76 for Turkana). Multivariate regression found no relationship between functional difficulty and sex or household income.</p>\n \n <p>Among children aged 2–4 years in Homa Bay, functional difficulty was most often reported in the domain of controlling behaviour (4.4%), whereas in Turkana, mobility (1.4%) was most common. For children aged 5 and above in Homa Bay, difficulty with accepting change (11%) was most frequently reported, whereas in Turkana it was anxiety (6%).</p>\n \n <p>Median IDELA scores were 49 in Homa Bay and 31 in Turkana. Scores increased with child age. Regression models accounting for age- and school-level clustering found no statistically significant differences by sex. Functional difficulties were associated with lower median IDELA scores in Turkana only (<i>β</i> = −5.44 [−8.86, −2.02]).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>Findings highlight the importance of appropriate, sustainable support for inclusive ECDE in both settled communities and refugee settings.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":55262,"journal":{"name":"Child Care Health and Development","volume":"51 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774131/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Developmental Scores and Prevalence of Functional Difficulty Among Preschool Children in Kenya\",\"authors\":\"Julia de Kadt, Anita Jeyam, Sheru W. 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The UNICEF/Washington Group Child Functioning Module (CFM) measured the prevalence of functional difficulty, and the International Development Early Learning Assessment (IDELA) measured child development and learning.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>Mainstream classes in sampled preschools included significant proportions of children with functional difficulties (19.9% in Homa Bay; 8.8% in Turkana). In both sites, the odds of having at least one functional difficulty were significantly higher among those aged 5 and above (OR = 2.82 for Homa Bay; 5.76 for Turkana). Multivariate regression found no relationship between functional difficulty and sex or household income.</p>\\n \\n <p>Among children aged 2–4 years in Homa Bay, functional difficulty was most often reported in the domain of controlling behaviour (4.4%), whereas in Turkana, mobility (1.4%) was most common. For children aged 5 and above in Homa Bay, difficulty with accepting change (11%) was most frequently reported, whereas in Turkana it was anxiety (6%).</p>\\n \\n <p>Median IDELA scores were 49 in Homa Bay and 31 in Turkana. Scores increased with child age. Regression models accounting for age- and school-level clustering found no statistically significant differences by sex. 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Developmental Scores and Prevalence of Functional Difficulty Among Preschool Children in Kenya
Background
Disability-inclusive early childhood development and education (ECDE) plays a crucial role in ensuring that all children, including those with disabilities, reach their developmental potential. However, there is little data on the prevalence of disability in mainstream ECDE in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), or on early learning and developmental outcomes of children with disabilities in these classrooms.
Methods
Data were collected on 1756 children aged 3–9 years enrolling in ECDE at 18 schools in Homa Bay or Turkana Counties, Kenya, at the start of the 2021 and 2022 school years. The UNICEF/Washington Group Child Functioning Module (CFM) measured the prevalence of functional difficulty, and the International Development Early Learning Assessment (IDELA) measured child development and learning.
Results
Mainstream classes in sampled preschools included significant proportions of children with functional difficulties (19.9% in Homa Bay; 8.8% in Turkana). In both sites, the odds of having at least one functional difficulty were significantly higher among those aged 5 and above (OR = 2.82 for Homa Bay; 5.76 for Turkana). Multivariate regression found no relationship between functional difficulty and sex or household income.
Among children aged 2–4 years in Homa Bay, functional difficulty was most often reported in the domain of controlling behaviour (4.4%), whereas in Turkana, mobility (1.4%) was most common. For children aged 5 and above in Homa Bay, difficulty with accepting change (11%) was most frequently reported, whereas in Turkana it was anxiety (6%).
Median IDELA scores were 49 in Homa Bay and 31 in Turkana. Scores increased with child age. Regression models accounting for age- and school-level clustering found no statistically significant differences by sex. Functional difficulties were associated with lower median IDELA scores in Turkana only (β = −5.44 [−8.86, −2.02]).
Conclusion
Findings highlight the importance of appropriate, sustainable support for inclusive ECDE in both settled communities and refugee settings.
期刊介绍：
Child: care, health and development is an international, peer-reviewed journal which publishes papers dealing with all aspects of the health and development of children and young people. We aim to attract quantitative and qualitative research papers relevant to people from all disciplines working in child health. We welcome studies which examine the effects of social and environmental factors on health and development as well as those dealing with clinical issues, the organization of services and health policy. We particularly encourage the submission of studies related to those who are disadvantaged by physical, developmental, emotional and social problems. The journal also aims to collate important research findings and to provide a forum for discussion of global child health issues.
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