摘要
背景：在全球范围内，胃肠道（GI）感染很常见，尤其是在社会经济水平较低的人群中，包括高文盲率、无知、住房和生活方式简陋以及不利的环境条件。这些风险因素是包括尼泊尔在内的许多发展中国家消化道寄生虫感染的根本原因。目的：本研究旨在评估尼泊尔南部地区边缘化土著塔鲁人体内消化道寄生虫的流行率和多样性及其与一些风险因素的关联：采用有目的的抽样方法收集了尼泊尔巴拉省科拉比市塔斯库尔的塔鲁土著人（179 人）的粪便样本。样本保存在 2.5% 的重铬酸钾溶液中。样本采用直接湿装裱和酸性固定染色技术进行分析，并在 40×、100×、400× 和 1000× 倍放大镜下进行检查：在 179 份粪便样本中，消化道寄生虫的感染率为 42.46%（n = 76），其中女性（43.00%，43/100）的感染率略高于男性（41.77%，33/79）（p > 0.05，95% 置信度下的卡方检验）。在 9 种消化道寄生虫中，原生动物中隐孢子虫的感染率最高（30.17%，n = 54），而蠕虫中蛔虫的感染率最高（5.59%，n = 10）。职业、畜牧业、寄生虫学知识、饮用水源、猪肉喂养习惯、腹泻或胃痛症状以及服药史与一种或多种消化道寄生虫病有关（p 结论：消化道寄生虫病的流行率和多样性较低，但与其他寄生虫病的流行率和多样性有关：塔鲁人消化道寄生虫病的中等流行率和多样性表明，有必要在研究地区采取有效、高效和及时的预防和控制措施。通过对当地人口、牲畜、食物、水和土壤样本进行检查，进一步采取 "同一健康方法 "将非常重要。Background: Globally, gastrointestinal (GI) infections are common, particularly in populations with low socioeconomic levels, including high illiteracy rates, ignorance, poor housing and lifestyles, and unfavorable environmental conditions. These risk factors are the underlying cause of GI parasitic infections in many developing nations, including Nepal.
Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and diversity of GI parasites and their association with a few risk factors within the marginalized indigenous Tharu people of the southern region of Nepal.
Methods: A purposive sampling method was used to collect stool samples from Tharu indigenous people (N = 179) in Thaskaul, Kolhabi, Bara, Nepal. The samples were preserved in a 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. The samples were analyzed by direct wet mount and acid-fast staining techniques and examined at 40×, 100×, 400×, and 1000× magnifications.
Results: Out of 179 stool samples, the prevalence rate of the GI parasites was 42.46% (n = 76), out of which females (43.00%, 43/100) had a slightly higher prevalence rate than males (41.77%, 33/79) (p > 0.05, chi-square tests at 95% confidence level). Out of nine species of GI parasites, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was highest among protozoa (30.17%, n = 54), whereas that of Ascaris lumbricoides was highest among helminths (5.59%, n = 10). Occupation, animal husbandry, parasitologic knowledge, drinking water sources, pork-feeding habit, diarrheal or stomachache symptoms, and drug-consuming history were associated with one or more GI parasitosis (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The moderate prevalence and diversity of GI parasitism in the Tharu population suggests the need for effective, efficient, and timely preventative and control measures in the study area. Further One Health Approach, by conducting studies that involve the examination of samples from the local populations, livestock, food, water, and soil, would be important.
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