Laparoscopic hepatectomy using indocyanine green attenuates postoperative inflammatory response for hepatocellular carcinoma: A propensity score matching analysis.

Background: Improving the intraoperative and postoperative performance of laparoscopic hepatectomy was quite a challenge for liver surgeons.

Aim: To determine the benefits of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy during and after surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively collected the clinicopathological data of 107 patients who successfully underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy at Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University from June 2022 to June 2023. Whether using the ICG fluorescence imaging technique, we divided them into the ICG and non-ICG groups. To eliminate statistical bias, a 1:1 propensity score matching analysis was conducted. The comparison of perioperative outcomes, including inflammation-related markers and progression-free survival, was analyzed statistically.

Results: Intraoperatively, the ICG group exhibited lower blood loss, a shorter surgical time, lower hepatic inflow occlusion (HIO) frequency, and a shorter total HIO time. Postoperatively, the participation of ICG resulted in a shorter duration of hospitalization (6.5 vs 7.6 days, P = 0.03) and postoperative inflammatory response attenuation (lower neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio on the first day after surgery and platelet-lymphocyte ratio on the third day, P < 0.05). Although the differences were not significant, the levels of all inflammation-related markers were lower in the ICG group. The rates of postoperative complications and the survival analyses, including progression-free and overall survivals showed no significant difference between the groups.

Conclusion: The involvement of ICG fluorescence imaging may lead to improved perioperative outcomes, especially postoperative inflammatory response attenuation, and ultimately improve HCC patients' recovery after surgery.