Yicai Luo, Ziwei Wu, Yingjuan Zhang, Yang Qiao, Yinge Wei, Xuan Yan, Xiangyu Ma, Xianxian Huang, Xiaoxia Zhong, Zhimao Ye, Xinping Lu, Hongbing Liao
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β-ecdysone/PLGA composite scaffolds promote skull defect healing in diabetic rat.
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus often leads to bone metabolism disorders, hindering bone regeneration and delaying the healing of bone defects. β-Ecdysone, a plant-derived hormone known for its wide range of physiological activities, possesses hypoglycemic effects and promotes osteogenic differentiation. This study developed a composite PLGA slow-release scaffold loaded with β-ecdysone to enhance its bioavailability through topical administration and to investigate its potential to heal diabetic bone defects.
Methods: The composite scaffolds were fabricated using solution casting/particle leaching and freeze-drying techniques. Then a series of characterizations were subjected to test the performance of composite scaffolds, and in vitro safety of the composite scaffolds was tested by CCK8 assay and live/dead cell staining. Further, micro-CT and histology to evaluate the effect of β-E/PLGA composite scaffolds on healing of skull defects in diabetic rats at 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. Simultaneously, the safety of the scaffolds in vivo was also evaluated.
Results: The material characterization results indicated that, in comparison to the single-pore size scaffold, the composite scaffold exhibited superior porosity, swelling ratio, drug loading capacity, and mechanical properties. Additionally, the composite scaffolds showed appropriate degradation performance and sustained drug release profiles. The CCK8 cytotoxicity assay and live/dead cell staining demonstrated that BMSCs survived and proliferated on the composite scaffold under both low-glucose and high-glucose conditions. Micro-CT and histological investigation demonstrated that β-E/PLGA composite scaffolds promoted new bone growth in the skull defect region of diabetic rats.
Conclusion: Overall, these findings suggest that the β-E/PLGA composite scaffolds promote the healing of bone defects in diabetic rats. The combination of β-ecdysone and tissue-engineered scaffolds presents a promising approach for treating diabetes-related bone defects.
期刊介绍：
The translation of new discoveries in medicine to clinical routine has never been easy. During the second half of the last century, thanks to the progress in chemistry, biochemistry and pharmacology, we have seen the development and the application of a large number of drugs and devices aimed at the treatment of symptoms, blocking unwanted pathways and, in the case of infectious diseases, fighting the micro-organisms responsible. However, we are facing, today, a dramatic change in the therapeutic approach to pathologies and diseases. Indeed, the challenge of the present and the next decade is to fully restore the physiological status of the diseased organism and to completely regenerate tissue and organs when they are so seriously affected that treatments cannot be limited to the repression of symptoms or to the repair of damage. This is being made possible thanks to the major developments made in basic cell and molecular biology, including stem cell science, growth factor delivery, gene isolation and transfection, the advances in bioengineering and nanotechnology, including development of new biomaterials, biofabrication technologies and use of bioreactors, and the big improvements in diagnostic tools and imaging of cells, tissues and organs.
In today`s world, an enhancement of communication between multidisciplinary experts, together with the promotion of joint projects and close collaborations among scientists, engineers, industry people, regulatory agencies and physicians are absolute requirements for the success of any attempt to develop and clinically apply a new biological therapy or an innovative device involving the collective use of biomaterials, cells and/or bioactive molecules. “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” aspires to be a forum for all people involved in the process by bridging the gap too often existing between a discovery in the basic sciences and its clinical application.
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