IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS
Sreekanth Viswanathan, Melissa Thoene, Zaineh Alja'nini, Pradeep Alur, Kera McNelis
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近年来,呼吸和营养护理方面的重大进步显著提高了早产儿的存活率,并改善了长期健康状况。尽管取得了这些进步,但新出现的研究强调了早期生长模式对个人健康轨迹的持久影响。早产成人面临着与早产有关的更高的健康问题发生率。美国儿科学会建议,早产儿的生长速度应与胎儿相似,临床医生应强调营养输送,以帮助这些婴儿达到预期的胎龄体重。然而,这种方法往往会导致身体成分的改变,与足月儿相比,其特点是脂肪量增加而无脂肪量减少。空气位移胸压计是测量早产儿身体成分的一种非常可靠的方法,而 DEXA 扫描尽管可靠,但往往会高估身体脂肪。其他方法包括生物电阻抗、同位素稀释、核磁共振成像、超声波和皮褶厚度,每种方法都有自己的优势和局限性。本文旨在提高新生儿临床医生对达到可接受的新生儿身体成分重要性的认识。我们讨论了不同身体成分测量方法的优缺点、营养和其他因素对早产儿身体成分的影响、长期随访数据以及在新生儿重症监护室和出院后使用身体成分数据进行营养干预的可能性。这种综合方法旨在从早期阶段就关注早产新生儿的身体成分,从而优化他们的健康状况。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Body Composition in Preterm Infants: Current Insights and Emerging Perspectives.

In recent years, significant advancements in respiratory and nutritional care have markedly improved the survival rates of preterm infants and enhanced long-term health outcomes. Despite these improvements, emerging research highlights the lasting impacts of early growth patterns on an individual's health trajectory. Adults born prematurely face a higher incidence of health issues related to their early birth. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that preterm infants should achieve growth rates similar to those of fetuses, with clinicians emphasizing nutrition delivery to help these infants reach their expected weight for gestational age. However, this approach often results in altered body composition, characterized by increased fat mass and decreased fat-free mass compared to full-term infants. Air displacement plethysmography stands out as a highly reliable method for measuring preterm body composition, while DEXA scans, despite their reliability, tend to overestimate body fat. Other methods include bioelectric impedance, isotope dilution, MRI, ultrasound, and skinfold thickness, each with its own strengths and limitations. In this paper, we aim to raise awareness among neonatal clinicians about the importance of achieving acceptable neonatal body composition. We discuss the pros and cons of different body composition measurement methods, the impact of nutrition and other factors on body composition in preterm infants, long-term follow-up data, and the potential use of body composition data to tailor nutritional interventions in NICU and post-discharge settings. This comprehensive approach is designed to optimize health outcomes for preterm newborns by focusing on their body composition from an early stage.

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来源期刊
Children-Basel
Children-Basel PEDIATRICS-
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
16.70%
发文量
1735
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: Children is an international, open access journal dedicated to a streamlined, yet scientifically rigorous, dissemination of peer-reviewed science related to childhood health and disease in developed and developing countries. The publication focuses on sharing clinical, epidemiological and translational science relevant to children’s health. Moreover, the primary goals of the publication are to highlight under‑represented pediatric disciplines, to emphasize interdisciplinary research and to disseminate advances in knowledge in global child health. In addition to original research, the journal publishes expert editorials and commentaries, clinical case reports, and insightful communications reflecting the latest developments in pediatric medicine. By publishing meritorious articles as soon as the editorial review process is completed, rather than at predefined intervals, Children also permits rapid open access sharing of new information, allowing us to reach the broadest audience in the most expedient fashion.
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