A review on molecularly imprinted magnetic solid phase extraction emphasizing the analysis of antibiotics in complex matrices:Design, preparation, and application

Magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) has been widely employed in the isolation and enrichment of antibiotics in complex matrices because it presents various unique advantages over traditional SPE including simple operation, fast extraction procedure, low cost and eco-friendliness. In recently years, magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (MMINs) containing highly specific recognition performance have been widely used to specific extraction of antibiotics under the format of MSPE. In this connection, recent advances of MMINs in the analysis of antibiotic residues are reviewed. Firstly, the common structure of MMINs including core-shell, core-satellite, cavity structure and nanotube/nanosheet-supported structurewere introduced. After that, a main section covers the synthesis strategies of MMINs including one-step preparation and multi-steps preparation (precipitation polymerization, emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization and surface imprinting technique) were illustrated. Furthermore, the applications of MMINs in the selective extraction of various antibiotic residues (sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines, β-lactams, aminoglycosides and so on) in environmental and food samples were summarized. Finally, the existing problems and future prospects of MMINs were outlined in the final section of the review.