Large-Area Clay Composite Membranes with Enhanced Permeability for Efficient Dye/Salt Separation.

The escalating discharge of textile wastewater with plenty of dye and salt has resulted in serious environmental risks. Membranes assembled from two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with many tunable interlayer spacings are promising materials for dye/salt separation. However, the narrow layer spacing and tortuous interlayer transport channels of 2D-material-based membranes limit the processing capacity and the permeability of small salt ions for efficient dye/salt separation. In this work, a novel sepiolite/vermiculite membrane was fabricated using Meyer rod-coating and naturally occurring clay. The intercalation of sepiolite Nanofibers between vermiculite Nanosheets provides additional transport nanochannels and forms looser permeable networks, producing composite membranes with remarkably enhanced flux. As a result, the optimized membranes with 80% sepiolite exhibit remarkable flux as high as 78.12 LMH bar^-1, outstanding dye rejection (Congo Red~98.26%), and excellent selectivity of dye/salt of 10.41. In addition, this novel all-clay composite membrane demonstrates stable separation performance under acidity, alkalinity and prolonged operation conditions. The large-scale sepiolite/vermiculite membranes made by the simple proposed method using low-cost materials provide new strategies for efficient and environmentally-friendly dye/salt separation.