Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Brain Tissues of Pet Birds with Neurological Symptoms Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) and PCR

Background

This study seeks to close this divide by assessing the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in the brain tissues of pet birds displaying neurological symptoms, utilizing Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) methods. Furthermore, it aims to evaluate and contrast the sensitivity and specificity of different diagnostic procedures. Seventy bird samples, consisting of 50 sick and 20 asymptomatic samples, were assessed using various methods. Brain tissue DNA was isolated and then analyzed using nested PCR and LAMP assays targeting the T. gondii B1 gene and RE gene. Sensitivity and specificity assessments were conducted, and statistical evaluations were made using SPSS software.

Results

Our findings revealed that no T. gondii cysts were detected in the smear preparations. However, T. gondii DNA was found in 6% of the sick birds using nested PCR, and LAMP identified T. gondii DNA in 8% of these individuals. Both techniques demonstrated a high level of specificity, with LAMP showing higher sensitivity and faster processing times than nested PCR. These results significantly contribute to our understanding of toxoplasmosis and highlight the reliability and potential for the widespread use of these diagnostic techniques, providing reassurance and confidence in their effectiveness.

Conclusion

The study underscores the importance of molecular diagnostics in promptly identifying and treating toxoplasmosis in birds. This enhances our understanding and control of the disease and underscores the significant impact of this research. The potential for further studies using more extensive and diverse bird populations to enhance surveillance and prevention strategies against T. gondii infections is promising. It should be actively pursued, giving us hope for a better future in avian health.

Graphical Abstract