探索高危人乳头瘤病毒感染的自然和获得性免疫机制,揭示宫颈癌的免疫逃逸:简要概述。

IF 1.4 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Tzu Chi Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-12-03 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_134_24
Mohammed Mohsen Mohammed, Zaytoon Abdulrida Ighewish Al-Khafaji, Nadia Mudher Al-Hilli
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引用次数: 0

摘要

最常见的引发子宫颈癌的性病是人乳头瘤病毒。20多种人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)可诱发子宫癌。几乎所有妇女在第一次性交后不久就会感染生殖器HPV,其中大多数人在3年内清除病毒。免疫反应是清除细菌的必要条件。对HPV感染的第一反应者是先天免疫系统元件,由巨噬细胞、角质形成细胞、自然杀伤细胞和自然杀伤t淋巴细胞(NKT)细胞组成。细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(ctl)构成第二道防线,杀死hpv16感染的细胞,这些细胞表达来自其转化的早期病毒癌蛋白的各种肽,主要是E2•E6。尽管HPV可以欺骗我们的免疫系统,但首先,重要的是要强调HPV的复制不会杀死宿主细胞。它不会复制病毒抗原,也不会引起炎症。HPV16 E6和E7基因抑制宿主细胞1型干扰素(ifn),感染后可检测到ifn。患者可能有免疫耐受;因此,在抗原识别过程中,炎性细胞因子如ifn不存在共刺激信号。有证据表明,hpv16e5能够抑制HlA I类代,从而保护肿瘤细胞免受CTL的攻击。hpv16e7负责启动免疫耐受和增加调节性T细胞(Treg)来抑制免疫消退。逃避免疫系统保护在持续HPV感染和宫颈癌发展的结果中起着关键作用。考虑到所涉及的免疫过程,在青春期接种HPV16和18疫苗是预防妇女宫颈癌的最有效方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
An exploration of the natural and acquired immunological mechanisms to high-risk human papillomavirus infection and unmasking immune escape in cervical cancer: A concise synopsis.

The most common STD that triggers cervical cancer is the human papillomavirus. More than 20 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) can induce uterine cervical cancer. Almost all women acquire genital HPV infection soon after their first intercourse, with most of them clearing the virus within 3 years. An immune response is necessary to clear. The first responders to HPV infection are the innate immune system elements composed of macrophages, keratinocytes, natural killer cells, and natural killer T-lymphocytic (NKT) cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) comprise the second line of defense and kill HPV16-infected cells expressing various peptides derived from their transforming early viral oncoproteins, mainly E2•E6. Even though HPV can manage to trick away our immune systems, first of all, it is important to emphasize that HPV replication does not kill the host cells. It does not replicate viral antigens or cause inflammation. The HPV16 E6 and E7 genes suppress host cell type 1 interferons (IFNs), which are detectable after infection. The patient may have immunological tolerance; hence, there are no costimulatory signals from inflammatory cytokines like IFNs during antigen recognition. Evidence shows that HlA class I generations have been inhibited by HPV16 E5, which could protect this tumor cell from CTL attack. HPV16 E7 is responsible for initiating immunotolerance and increasing regulatory T cells (Treg) to repress immunological regression. Evasion from immune system protection plays a critical role in the outcome of persistent HPV infection and the development of cervical cancer. Vaccination against HPV16 and 18 during adolescence is the most effective method for preventing cervical cancer in women, considering the immunological processes involved.

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来源期刊
Tzu Chi Medical Journal
Tzu Chi Medical Journal MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL-
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
44
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: The Tzu Chi Medical Journal is the peer-reviewed publication of the Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, and includes original research papers on clinical medicine and basic science, case reports, clinical pathological pages, and review articles.
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