P Yousefi, Morten P Lietz, F J O'Higgins, R C A Rippe, G Hasler, M van Elk, S Enriquez-Geppert
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引用次数: 0
摘要
理由：裸盖菇素有望治疗神经精神疾病。然而，缺乏对其对认知的急性影响的深入了解。鉴于执行功能在日常生活中的重要作用和治疗效果，评估裸盖菇素如何影响这些认知领域是至关重要的。目的：本荟萃分析旨在量化裸盖菇素对执行功能和注意力的急性影响，同时研究剂量、给药时间、认知领域和任务特征如何调节这些影响。方法：对裸盖菇素对工作记忆、冲突监测、反应抑制、认知灵活性和注意力的急性效应的实证研究进行系统综述和多水平荟萃分析。计算反应时间（RT）和准确度（ACC）的效应量，探讨时间（峰值定义为给药后90-180分钟）、剂量、认知功能类别和对执行功能的任务敏感性作为潜在调节因子的影响。结果：纳入13项研究（42个效应量）。在急性期，裸盖菇素增加RTs (Hedges' g = 1.13, 95% CI[0.57, 1.7])，而不影响ACC （Hedges' g = -0.45, 95% CI[-0.93, 0.034]）。对RT的影响是剂量依赖性的。RT和ACC均存在显著的研究间异质性。对执行功能的任务敏感性调节了RT效应。发表偏倚很明显，但调整后总体效果仍然显著。结论：我们的荟萃分析显示，裸盖菇素损害执行功能并导致rt减慢。我们讨论了观察到的效应潜在的神经化学机制，以及裸盖菇素在临床和实验环境中安全使用的意义。
Acute effects of psilocybin on attention and executive functioning in healthy volunteers: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis.
Rationale: Psilocybin shows promise for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. However, insight into its acute effects on cognition is lacking. Given the significant role of executive functions in daily life and treatment efficacy, it is crucial to evaluate how psilocybin influences these cognitive domains.
Objectives: This meta-analysis aims to quantify the acute effects of psilocybin on executive functions and attention, while examining how dosage, timing of administration, cognitive domain, and task characteristics moderate these effects.
Methods: A systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis were conducted on empirical studies assessing psilocybin's acute effects on working memory, conflict monitoring, response inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and attention. Effect sizes for reaction time (RT) and accuracy (ACC) were calculated, exploring the effects of timing (on-peak defined as 90-180 min post-administration), dosage, cognitive function categories, and task sensitivity to executive functions as potential moderators.
Results: Thirteen studies (42 effect sizes) were included. In the acute phase, psilocybin increased RTs (Hedges' g = 1.13, 95% CI [0.57, 1.7]) and did not affect ACC (Hedges' g = -0.45, 95% CI [-0.93, 0.034]). Effects on RT were dose dependent. Significant between-study heterogeneity was found for both RT and ACC. Task sensitivity to executive functions moderated RT effects. Publication bias was evident, but the overall effect remained significant after adjustment for this.
Conclusions: Our meta-analysis shows that psilocybin impairs executive functions and results in a slowing down of RT. We discuss potential neurochemical mechanisms underlying the observed effects as well as implications for the safe use of psilocybin in clinical and experimental contexts.
期刊介绍：
Official Journal of the European Behavioural Pharmacology Society (EBPS)
Psychopharmacology is an international journal that covers the broad topic of elucidating mechanisms by which drugs affect behavior. The scope of the journal encompasses the following fields:
Human Psychopharmacology: Experimental
This section includes manuscripts describing the effects of drugs on mood, behavior, cognition and physiology in humans. The journal encourages submissions that involve brain imaging, genetics, neuroendocrinology, and developmental topics. Usually manuscripts in this section describe studies conducted under controlled conditions, but occasionally descriptive or observational studies are also considered.
Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Translational
This section comprises studies addressing the broad intersection of drugs and psychiatric illness. This includes not only clinical trials and studies of drug usage and metabolism, drug surveillance, and pharmacoepidemiology, but also work utilizing the entire range of clinically relevant methodologies, including neuroimaging, pharmacogenetics, cognitive science, biomarkers, and others. Work directed toward the translation of preclinical to clinical knowledge is especially encouraged. The key feature of submissions to this section is that they involve a focus on clinical aspects.
Preclinical psychopharmacology: Behavioral and Neural
This section considers reports on the effects of compounds with defined chemical structures on any aspect of behavior, in particular when correlated with neurochemical effects, in species other than humans. Manuscripts containing neuroscientific techniques in combination with behavior are welcome. We encourage reports of studies that provide insight into the mechanisms of drug action, at the behavioral and molecular levels.
Preclinical Psychopharmacology: Translational
This section considers manuscripts that enhance the confidence in a central mechanism that could be of therapeutic value for psychiatric or neurological patients, using disease-relevant preclinical models and tests, or that report on preclinical manipulations and challenges that have the potential to be translated to the clinic. Studies aiming at the refinement of preclinical models based upon clinical findings (back-translation) will also be considered. The journal particularly encourages submissions that integrate measures of target tissue exposure, activity on the molecular target and/or modulation of the targeted biochemical pathways.
Preclinical Psychopharmacology: Molecular, Genetic and Epigenetic
This section focuses on the molecular and cellular actions of neuropharmacological agents / drugs, and the identification / validation of drug targets affecting the CNS in health and disease. We particularly encourage studies that provide insight into the mechanisms of drug action at the molecular level. Manuscripts containing evidence for genetic or epigenetic effects on neurochemistry or behavior are welcome.
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