Marco Sánchez-Tito, Lidia Yileng Tay, Francisco Zea-Gamboa, Raúl Cartagena-Cutipa, Alysson Flores-Gómez, Bruno Spigno-Paco, Brando Raul Mendoza Salinas, Jose Elias Zuñiga Calcina, Ingrit Elida Collantes Díaz
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The antibacterial activity of the EO against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> ATCC 25175, <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> ATCC 10556, and <i>Streptococcus salivarius</i> ATCC 13419 was evaluated using an Agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. Five formulations of the experimental gel were prepared at 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% (v/v). The antibacterial susceptibility test was evaluated using an Agar-Well diffusion assay against a bacterial consortium of <i>S. mutans</i>, <i>S. sanguinis</i>, and <i>S. salivarius</i>. The physical properties, pH, spreadability, gel morphology, phase separation, and drug release were evaluated. The experimental gels were compared with a chlorhexidine gel. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests with a significant level of 5%.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>The major components of the EO were bornyl acetate, α-isomethyl-<i>E</i>-nerolidol, germacrene B, <i>E</i>-nerolidol, α-cedrene-epoxide, fokienol, and 10-epi-γ-eudesmol. All formulations were effective in inhibiting bacterial growth. The 2% concentration presented inhibition zones (18.14 ± 1.01 mm) similar to those observed for the chlorhexidine gel (<i>p</i> > 0.05). All formulations were stable, without signs of separation, with adequate physical properties, and no significant differences were observed regarding the drug content with the chlorhexidine gel (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>The experimental gels based on <i>G. tarapacana</i> EO presented good physicochemical properties and were highly effective in inhibiting the growth of a cariogenic bacterial consortium.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11753897/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Development and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of an Experimental Herbal Gel Against Cariogenic Bacteria\",\"authors\":\"Marco Sánchez-Tito, Lidia Yileng Tay, Francisco Zea-Gamboa, Raúl Cartagena-Cutipa, Alysson Flores-Gómez, Bruno Spigno-Paco, Brando Raul Mendoza Salinas, Jose Elias Zuñiga Calcina, Ingrit Elida Collantes Díaz\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/cre2.70076\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Background</h3>\\n \\n <p>Recently, products with antibacterial properties derived from medicinal plants have increased as an alternative to conventional drugs. Thus, this study aimed to formulate and evaluate the antibacterial activity of an experimental gel based on <i>Grindelia tarapacana</i> essential oil in a bacterial consortium.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>The composition of the essential oil (EO) was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity of the EO against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> ATCC 25175, <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i> ATCC 10556, and <i>Streptococcus salivarius</i> ATCC 13419 was evaluated using an Agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. Five formulations of the experimental gel were prepared at 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% (v/v). The antibacterial susceptibility test was evaluated using an Agar-Well diffusion assay against a bacterial consortium of <i>S. mutans</i>, <i>S. sanguinis</i>, and <i>S. salivarius</i>. The physical properties, pH, spreadability, gel morphology, phase separation, and drug release were evaluated. The experimental gels were compared with a chlorhexidine gel. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests with a significant level of 5%.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>The major components of the EO were bornyl acetate, α-isomethyl-<i>E</i>-nerolidol, germacrene B, <i>E</i>-nerolidol, α-cedrene-epoxide, fokienol, and 10-epi-γ-eudesmol. All formulations were effective in inhibiting bacterial growth. The 2% concentration presented inhibition zones (18.14 ± 1.01 mm) similar to those observed for the chlorhexidine gel (<i>p</i> > 0.05). All formulations were stable, without signs of separation, with adequate physical properties, and no significant differences were observed regarding the drug content with the chlorhexidine gel (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\\n \\n <p>The experimental gels based on <i>G. tarapacana</i> EO presented good physicochemical properties and were highly effective in inhibiting the growth of a cariogenic bacterial consortium.</p>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":10203,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research\",\"volume\":\"11 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11753897/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cre2.70076\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cre2.70076","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Development and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of an Experimental Herbal Gel Against Cariogenic Bacteria
Background
Recently, products with antibacterial properties derived from medicinal plants have increased as an alternative to conventional drugs. Thus, this study aimed to formulate and evaluate the antibacterial activity of an experimental gel based on Grindelia tarapacana essential oil in a bacterial consortium.
Material and Methods
The composition of the essential oil (EO) was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity of the EO against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556, and Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 13419 was evaluated using an Agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. Five formulations of the experimental gel were prepared at 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% (v/v). The antibacterial susceptibility test was evaluated using an Agar-Well diffusion assay against a bacterial consortium of S. mutans, S. sanguinis, and S. salivarius. The physical properties, pH, spreadability, gel morphology, phase separation, and drug release were evaluated. The experimental gels were compared with a chlorhexidine gel. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests with a significant level of 5%.
Results
The major components of the EO were bornyl acetate, α-isomethyl-E-nerolidol, germacrene B, E-nerolidol, α-cedrene-epoxide, fokienol, and 10-epi-γ-eudesmol. All formulations were effective in inhibiting bacterial growth. The 2% concentration presented inhibition zones (18.14 ± 1.01 mm) similar to those observed for the chlorhexidine gel (p > 0.05). All formulations were stable, without signs of separation, with adequate physical properties, and no significant differences were observed regarding the drug content with the chlorhexidine gel (p > 0.05).
Conclusions
The experimental gels based on G. tarapacana EO presented good physicochemical properties and were highly effective in inhibiting the growth of a cariogenic bacterial consortium.
期刊介绍：
Clinical and Experimental Dental Research aims to provide open access peer-reviewed publications of high scientific quality representing original clinical, diagnostic or experimental work within all disciplines and fields of oral medicine and dentistry. The scope of Clinical and Experimental Dental Research comprises original research material on the anatomy, physiology and pathology of oro-facial, oro-pharyngeal and maxillofacial tissues, and functions and dysfunctions within the stomatognathic system, and the epidemiology, aetiology, prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of diseases and conditions that have an effect on the homeostasis of the mouth, jaws, and closely associated structures, as well as the healing and regeneration and the clinical aspects of replacement of hard and soft tissues with biomaterials, and the rehabilitation of stomatognathic functions. Studies that bring new knowledge on how to advance health on the individual or public health levels, including interactions between oral and general health and ill-health are welcome.
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