Comparative analysis of the genomic and expression profiles of ANLN and KDR as prognostic markers in breast Cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) remains a highly heterogeneous disease, complicating diagnosis and treatment. This study investigates the prognostic significance of Anillin (ANLN) and Kinase Insert Domain Receptor (KDR) genes, focusing on their mutational and expression landscapes in BC using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We found that high ANLN's expression is strongly associated with poor overall survival, highlighting its potential as a robust prognostic marker. In contrast, KDR, despite its higher mutation frequency, showed a less significant correlation with survival outcomes. Machine learning (ML) models incorporating transcriptional and translational data further supported ANLN's prognostic value, demonstrating superior accuracy in survival stage prediction when both genes were analyzed together. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that ANLN is primarily involved in cell cycle regulation, while KDR is linked to angiogenesis, suggesting that combined targeting of these pathways could enhance therapeutic efficacy. These findings underscore the potential of ANLN and KDR as complementary biomarkers in BC prognosis and highlight the need for further validation in diverse cohorts.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-024-00301-5.