Remote-Controlled and Teleoperated Systems: Taking Robotic Image Guided Interventions to the Next Stage.

Remote-controlled and teleoperated robotic systems mark transformative advancements in interventional radiology (IR), with the potential to enhance precision, reduce radiation exposure, and expand access to care. By integrating robotic devices with imaging guidance, these systems enable precise instrument placement and navigation, thereby improving the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive procedures. Remote-controlled and teleoperated robotic systems-operated by clinicians using control interfaces from within or adjacent to the procedure room-are being adopted for both percutaneous and endovascular interventions. In contrast, although their application is still experimental, teleoperation over long distances hold promise for extending IR services to medically underserved areas by enabling remote procedures. This review details the definitions and components of remote-controlled and teleoperated robotic systems in IR, examines their clinical applications in percutaneous and endovascular interventions, and discusses relevant challenges and future directions for their incorporation into IR practices.