氧化应激在儿童和青少年:洞察到人类生物学。

IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY
Anna Samsonov, Samuel S. Urlacher
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引用次数: 0

摘要

氧化应激(OS)是有氧代谢生物的一种重要的生物挑战和选择压力。由于活性氧产生与抗氧化防御之间的不平衡,OS可以破坏蛋白质、脂质和核酸,并在生物衰老和健康变化中发挥重要作用。在人类中,骨髓瘤的研究主要集中在成年人身上,已经证明骨髓瘤与炎症、代谢和神经退行性疾病之间存在联系。相对而言,很少有人关注儿童期和青春期的OS。尽管对人类生活史进化、亚成人发育和终身健康有明确的启示,但早期生命OS研究的缺乏仍然存在。在这里,我们回顾了目前关于人类亚成年期OS的知识。我们的目标有三个方面:(1)强调衡量儿童和青少年心理健康的常用方法,并建立典型的测量值;(2)总结人口和生态因素与亚成人OS变异的关联证据;(3)确定未来人类生物学OS研究的途径。我们的综述强调了评估儿童和青少年OS的方法工具包的扩展。与成年人的OS相比,亚成人OS明显升高,这种模式引发了未知的后果,可能与生命早期代谢需求的增加有关(例如,独特的人类大脑发育)。饮食、身体活动、传染病和结构性忽视等因素也可能导致亚成年期OS。目前亚成人OS研究的局限性是显而易见的。未来的工作应强调进化、生物文化和能量生命过程的观点,以推进这一有前途的人类生物学领域。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Oxidative Stress in Children and Adolescents: Insights Into Human Biology

Oxidative Stress in Children and Adolescents: Insights Into Human Biology

Oxidative stress (OS) is a key biological challenge and selective pressure for organisms with aerobic metabolism. The result of the imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant defense, OS can damage proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and plays an important role in driving variation in biological aging and health. Among humans, OS research has focused overwhelmingly on adults, with demonstrated connections between OS, inflammation, and metabolic and neurodegenerative conditions. Relatively little attention has been given to OS during childhood and adolescence. This lack of early life OS research exists despite clear implications for informing human life history evolution, subadult development, and lifelong health. Here, we review current knowledge on OS during human subadulthood. Our objectives are threefold: (1) To highlight common methods for measuring OS among children and adolescents and to establish typical measurement values; (2) To summarize the evidence linking demographic and ecological factors to variation in subadult OS; (3) To identify avenues for future OS research in human biology. Our review underscores an expanding methodological toolkit for assessing OS among children and adolescents. Subadult OS is considerably elevated compared to OS among adults, a pattern eliciting unknown consequences and likely related to increased early life metabolic demands (e.g., unique human brain development). Factors such as diet, physical activity, infectious disease, and structural neglect also appear to drive subadult OS. Current limitations for research on subadult OS are evident. Future work should emphasize evolutionary, biocultural, and energetic life course perspectives to advance this promising area of human biology.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
13.80%
发文量
124
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Human Biology is the Official Journal of the Human Biology Association. The American Journal of Human Biology is a bimonthly, peer-reviewed, internationally circulated journal that publishes reports of original research, theoretical articles and timely reviews, and brief communications in the interdisciplinary field of human biology. As the official journal of the Human Biology Association, the Journal also publishes abstracts of research presented at its annual scientific meeting and book reviews relevant to the field. The Journal seeks scholarly manuscripts that address all aspects of human biology, health, and disease, particularly those that stress comparative, developmental, ecological, or evolutionary perspectives. The transdisciplinary areas covered in the Journal include, but are not limited to, epidemiology, genetic variation, population biology and demography, physiology, anatomy, nutrition, growth and aging, physical performance, physical activity and fitness, ecology, and evolution, along with their interactions. The Journal publishes basic, applied, and methodologically oriented research from all areas, including measurement, analytical techniques and strategies, and computer applications in human biology. Like many other biologically oriented disciplines, the field of human biology has undergone considerable growth and diversification in recent years, and the expansion of the aims and scope of the Journal is a reflection of this growth and membership diversification. The Journal is committed to prompt review, and priority publication is given to manuscripts with novel or timely findings, and to manuscripts of unusual interest.
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