Discriminating between the maxillary tuberosity and the alveolar tuberosity- a critical pictorial review.

Purpose: The maxillary tuberosity, a critical anatomical landmark in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, is burdened by terminological confusion. This inconsistency hampers clinical practice and communication across disciplines.

Method: Different resources were used to argue for the necessity of standardising the terminology related to maxillary tuberosity to enhance diagnostic precision and ultimately improve patient outcomes.

Results: Most clinical and surgical studies dealing with the distal alveolar bone of the maxilla erroneously indicate it as "maxillary tuberosity". By recognising the diverse definitions of this structure, errors and misinterpretation of studies could be reduced, and interdisciplinary collaboration could be improved. The term "alveolar tuberosity" is recommended to refer specifically to the distal end of the alveolar process of the maxilla. Anatomically, the maxillary tuberosity belongs to the body of the maxilla and forms part of the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus; therefore, it should not be located in the alveolar process.

Conclusion: Adhering to the Terminologia Anatomica will clarify the critical clinical and surgical landmarks and enhance communication in clinical and academic settings.