An ALE meta-analysis of the neural evidence of facial emotion processing in autism.

Objective: Facial emotion recognition is central to successful social interaction. People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties in this area. However, neuroimaging evidence on facial emotion processing in ASD has been diverse. This study aims to identify common and consistent brain activity patterns during facial emotion processing in autism.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, 22 fMRI studies (539 ASD, 502 typically developing participants (TD) were included.

Results: Both groups showed significant activation in the right fusiform gyrus (FG) and left fusiform face area (FFA). In addition, TD participants showed increased left amygdala activity. Compared to TD, ASD individuals had increased activation in the right cerebellum lobule VI and left secondary visual cortex. Age-based subgroup analysis showed that ASD children showed increased activity in bilateral FG, and ASD adults and TD children in the right FG. Finally, adults from both groups had increased activity in the right FG in the within-group and conjunction analyses.

Conclusions: These results suggest that ASD and TD engage core face processing areas similarly while TD may use core and an extended social brain network. Findings of this study underscore the role of fusiform face area in facial emotion processing along with more insights into the neural processing of facial emotions.