Callum Lavoie, Zoe Nussbaum, Helal Syed, Brian Chun, Van Do, Davin Nguyen, Anvi Surapaneni, Ethan Hamid, Adnan Rayes, Dominic De La Torre, Oliver Ramirez, Eduardo Rosales, Travis J Williams, Jesse T Yen, Andy Y Chang
{"title":"新型CO2负载纳米颗粒超声激活造影剂：一种潜在的无导尿管检测膀胱输尿管反流的方式。","authors":"Callum Lavoie, Zoe Nussbaum, Helal Syed, Brian Chun, Van Do, Davin Nguyen, Anvi Surapaneni, Ethan Hamid, Adnan Rayes, Dominic De La Torre, Oliver Ramirez, Eduardo Rosales, Travis J Williams, Jesse T Yen, Andy Y Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The current gold-standard for detecting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). However, VCUGs require ionizing radiation and bladder catheterization that can be challenging to perform and traumatic for pediatric patients and their parents.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the feasibility of a novel urinary catheter-free modality for diagnosing VUR using in vitro and ex vivo models.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>Polyethyleneimine (PEI) and pressurized CO<sub>2</sub> gas were utilized to formulate our polymer in a standardized and reproducible method. The CO<sub>2</sub>-loaded PEI solution was stimulated using moderate intensity ultrasound in latex balloons and ev-vivo porcine bladders. Degassed, deionized water served as the control.</p><p><strong>Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: </strong>A Butterfly iQ ultrasound imaging system connected to a 9th generation iPad was utilized to observe any effervescence (bubbles).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both the balloon and ex vivo bladder models, CO<sub>2</sub> effervescence is reproducible and visualizable from the CO<sub>2</sub>-loaded polymer solution under US imaging after stimulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We have demonstrated the ability to selectively release CO<sub>2</sub> from CO<sub>2</sub>-loaded PEI nanoparticles to serve as an ultrasound contrast agent in both in vitro and ex vivo models. Future combined kidney-bladder porcine model experiments will be a critical step as we work towards validating and translating this agent as an effective modality for the diagnosis of VUR.</p><p><strong>Patient summary: </strong>In this feasibility study, we evaluated early pre-clinical models of a urinary catheter-free modality for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux. We utilized a novel CO<sub>2</sub>-loaded nanoparticle solution that creates bubbles when activated with moderate intensity ultrasound. These bubbles were clearly visualizable with regular diagnostic ultrasound imaging in both a latex balloon and porcine bladder model.</p>","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Novel CO<sub>2</sub> loaded nanoparticle ultrasound-activated contrast agent: A potential urinary catheter-free modality to detect vesicoureteral reflux.\",\"authors\":\"Callum Lavoie, Zoe Nussbaum, Helal Syed, Brian Chun, Van Do, Davin Nguyen, Anvi Surapaneni, Ethan Hamid, Adnan Rayes, Dominic De La Torre, Oliver Ramirez, Eduardo Rosales, Travis J Williams, Jesse T Yen, Andy Y Chang\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.003\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The current gold-standard for detecting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). However, VCUGs require ionizing radiation and bladder catheterization that can be challenging to perform and traumatic for pediatric patients and their parents.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the feasibility of a novel urinary catheter-free modality for diagnosing VUR using in vitro and ex vivo models.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>Polyethyleneimine (PEI) and pressurized CO<sub>2</sub> gas were utilized to formulate our polymer in a standardized and reproducible method. The CO<sub>2</sub>-loaded PEI solution was stimulated using moderate intensity ultrasound in latex balloons and ev-vivo porcine bladders. Degassed, deionized water served as the control.</p><p><strong>Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: </strong>A Butterfly iQ ultrasound imaging system connected to a 9th generation iPad was utilized to observe any effervescence (bubbles).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both the balloon and ex vivo bladder models, CO<sub>2</sub> effervescence is reproducible and visualizable from the CO<sub>2</sub>-loaded polymer solution under US imaging after stimulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We have demonstrated the ability to selectively release CO<sub>2</sub> from CO<sub>2</sub>-loaded PEI nanoparticles to serve as an ultrasound contrast agent in both in vitro and ex vivo models. Future combined kidney-bladder porcine model experiments will be a critical step as we work towards validating and translating this agent as an effective modality for the diagnosis of VUR.</p><p><strong>Patient summary: </strong>In this feasibility study, we evaluated early pre-clinical models of a urinary catheter-free modality for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux. We utilized a novel CO<sub>2</sub>-loaded nanoparticle solution that creates bubbles when activated with moderate intensity ultrasound. These bubbles were clearly visualizable with regular diagnostic ultrasound imaging in both a latex balloon and porcine bladder model.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":16747,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Pediatric Urology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Pediatric Urology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.003\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"PEDIATRICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.003","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PEDIATRICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Novel CO2 loaded nanoparticle ultrasound-activated contrast agent: A potential urinary catheter-free modality to detect vesicoureteral reflux.
Background: The current gold-standard for detecting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). However, VCUGs require ionizing radiation and bladder catheterization that can be challenging to perform and traumatic for pediatric patients and their parents.
Objective: To investigate the feasibility of a novel urinary catheter-free modality for diagnosing VUR using in vitro and ex vivo models.
Design, setting, and participants: Polyethyleneimine (PEI) and pressurized CO2 gas were utilized to formulate our polymer in a standardized and reproducible method. The CO2-loaded PEI solution was stimulated using moderate intensity ultrasound in latex balloons and ev-vivo porcine bladders. Degassed, deionized water served as the control.
Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: A Butterfly iQ ultrasound imaging system connected to a 9th generation iPad was utilized to observe any effervescence (bubbles).
Results: In both the balloon and ex vivo bladder models, CO2 effervescence is reproducible and visualizable from the CO2-loaded polymer solution under US imaging after stimulation.
Conclusions: We have demonstrated the ability to selectively release CO2 from CO2-loaded PEI nanoparticles to serve as an ultrasound contrast agent in both in vitro and ex vivo models. Future combined kidney-bladder porcine model experiments will be a critical step as we work towards validating and translating this agent as an effective modality for the diagnosis of VUR.
Patient summary: In this feasibility study, we evaluated early pre-clinical models of a urinary catheter-free modality for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux. We utilized a novel CO2-loaded nanoparticle solution that creates bubbles when activated with moderate intensity ultrasound. These bubbles were clearly visualizable with regular diagnostic ultrasound imaging in both a latex balloon and porcine bladder model.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Pediatric Urology publishes submitted research and clinical articles relating to Pediatric Urology which have been accepted after adequate peer review.
It publishes regular articles that have been submitted after invitation, that cover the curriculum of Pediatric Urology, and enable trainee surgeons to attain theoretical competence of the sub-specialty.
It publishes regular reviews of pediatric urological articles appearing in other journals.
It publishes invited review articles by recognised experts on modern or controversial aspects of the sub-specialty.
It enables any affiliated society to advertise society events or information in the journal without charge and will publish abstracts of papers to be read at society meetings.
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