Jennifer Schumann, Matthew Di Rago, Noel Woodford, Linda Glowacki, John Fitzpatrick, Michael Kelly, Ben Beck, Olaf H Drummer, Dimitri Gerostamoulos, Joanna F Dipnall
{"title":"澳大利亚维多利亚州十年来（2010-2019年）受伤和死亡的机动车驾驶员和摩托车手中酒精、摇头丸、甲基安非他明和四氢大麻酚的趋势。","authors":"Jennifer Schumann, Matthew Di Rago, Noel Woodford, Linda Glowacki, John Fitzpatrick, Michael Kelly, Ben Beck, Olaf H Drummer, Dimitri Gerostamoulos, Joanna F Dipnall","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045342","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Driving under the influence of alcohol and other drugs contributes significantly to road traffic crashes worldwide. This study explored trends of alcohol, methylamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), in road crashes from 2010 to 2019 in Victoria, Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine and Victoria Police, examining proscribed drug detections in road crashes. Time series graphs per substance explored indicative trends and comparisons between road users. Negative binomial regression models, with robust SEs and adjusted for exposure (kilometres travelled, Victorian licence holders), modelled the incidence rate ratio, with a Bonferroni-adjusted α=0.007 for multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 19 843 injured drivers and 1596 fatally injured drivers. MA had the highest prevalence (12.3% of fatalities and 9.1% of injured drivers), demonstrating an increase over time. Overall, 16.8% of car drivers and motorcyclists tested positive for one or more drugs, with 14% of crashes involving a blood alcohol concentration (BAC)≥0.05%. MA and THC were the most common drugs in fatalities. Between 2015 and 2019, MA was detected in 27.9% of motorcyclist fatalities, followed by THC (18.3%) and alcohol ≥0.05% (14.2%), with similar but lower frequencies among injured motorcyclists. Alcohol detections (≥0.05% BAC) in fatalities declined, but increased in injured motorcyclists and car drivers until plateauing in 2017. THC detections rose among injured drivers until 2018, detected in 8.1% and 15.2% of injured and fatal drivers, respectively. MDMA-positive driving decreased among injured drivers and remained stable at ~1% of fatalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite enhanced road safety measures in Victoria, drug-driving persists, indicating a need for revised prevention strategies targeting this growing issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Trends in alcohol, MDMA, methylamphetamine and THC in injured and deceased motor vehicle drivers and motorcyclists over a decade (2010-2019) in Victoria, Australia.\",\"authors\":\"Jennifer Schumann, Matthew Di Rago, Noel Woodford, Linda Glowacki, John Fitzpatrick, Michael Kelly, Ben Beck, Olaf H Drummer, Dimitri Gerostamoulos, Joanna F Dipnall\",\"doi\":\"10.1136/ip-2024-045342\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Driving under the influence of alcohol and other drugs contributes significantly to road traffic crashes worldwide. This study explored trends of alcohol, methylamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), in road crashes from 2010 to 2019 in Victoria, Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine and Victoria Police, examining proscribed drug detections in road crashes. Time series graphs per substance explored indicative trends and comparisons between road users. Negative binomial regression models, with robust SEs and adjusted for exposure (kilometres travelled, Victorian licence holders), modelled the incidence rate ratio, with a Bonferroni-adjusted α=0.007 for multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 19 843 injured drivers and 1596 fatally injured drivers. MA had the highest prevalence (12.3% of fatalities and 9.1% of injured drivers), demonstrating an increase over time. 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MDMA-positive driving decreased among injured drivers and remained stable at ~1% of fatalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite enhanced road safety measures in Victoria, drug-driving persists, indicating a need for revised prevention strategies targeting this growing issue.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":13682,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Injury Prevention\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-21\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Injury Prevention\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045342\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Injury Prevention","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045342","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：在酒精和其他药物影响下驾驶在很大程度上造成了世界各地的道路交通事故。本研究探讨了酒精、甲基安非他明（MA）、3,4-亚甲基二氧基- n -甲基安非他明（MDMA）和Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol （THC）在2010年至2019年澳大利亚维多利亚州道路交通事故中的趋势。方法：我们使用维多利亚法医研究所和维多利亚警方的数据进行了横断面分析，检查了道路交通事故中违禁药物的检测。每种物质的时间序列图探讨了道路使用者之间的指示性趋势和比较。负二项回归模型具有稳健的se，并调整了暴露（行驶公里，维多利亚州执照持有人），模拟了发病率比，多重比较采用bonferroni调整的α=0.007。结果：共有19 843名驾驶员受伤，1596名驾驶员重伤。MA的患病率最高（占死亡人数的12.3%和受伤司机的9.1%），随着时间的推移呈上升趋势。总体而言，16.8%的汽车司机和摩托车手对一种或多种药物的检测呈阳性，14%的撞车事故涉及血液酒精浓度(BAC)≥0.05%。MA和THC是导致死亡的最常见药物。2015年至2019年期间，在27.9%的摩托车手死亡病例中检测到MA，其次是四氢大麻酚（18.3%）和酒精≥0.05%(14.2%)，在受伤的摩托车手中检测到MA的频率相似但较低。酒精检测（酒精浓度≥0.05%）在死亡人数中有所下降，但在受伤的摩托车手和汽车司机中有所增加，直到2017年达到稳定水平。直到2018年，受伤司机中四氢大麻酚的检测率有所上升，分别在8.1%和15.2%的受伤和致命司机中检测到。mdma阳性驾驶在受伤司机中减少，并保持稳定在约1%的死亡人数。结论：尽管维多利亚州加强了道路安全措施，但毒品驾驶仍然存在，表明需要针对这一日益严重的问题修订预防战略。
Trends in alcohol, MDMA, methylamphetamine and THC in injured and deceased motor vehicle drivers and motorcyclists over a decade (2010-2019) in Victoria, Australia.
Background: Driving under the influence of alcohol and other drugs contributes significantly to road traffic crashes worldwide. This study explored trends of alcohol, methylamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), in road crashes from 2010 to 2019 in Victoria, Australia.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine and Victoria Police, examining proscribed drug detections in road crashes. Time series graphs per substance explored indicative trends and comparisons between road users. Negative binomial regression models, with robust SEs and adjusted for exposure (kilometres travelled, Victorian licence holders), modelled the incidence rate ratio, with a Bonferroni-adjusted α=0.007 for multiple comparisons.
Results: There were 19 843 injured drivers and 1596 fatally injured drivers. MA had the highest prevalence (12.3% of fatalities and 9.1% of injured drivers), demonstrating an increase over time. Overall, 16.8% of car drivers and motorcyclists tested positive for one or more drugs, with 14% of crashes involving a blood alcohol concentration (BAC)≥0.05%. MA and THC were the most common drugs in fatalities. Between 2015 and 2019, MA was detected in 27.9% of motorcyclist fatalities, followed by THC (18.3%) and alcohol ≥0.05% (14.2%), with similar but lower frequencies among injured motorcyclists. Alcohol detections (≥0.05% BAC) in fatalities declined, but increased in injured motorcyclists and car drivers until plateauing in 2017. THC detections rose among injured drivers until 2018, detected in 8.1% and 15.2% of injured and fatal drivers, respectively. MDMA-positive driving decreased among injured drivers and remained stable at ~1% of fatalities.
Conclusions: Despite enhanced road safety measures in Victoria, drug-driving persists, indicating a need for revised prevention strategies targeting this growing issue.
期刊介绍：
Since its inception in 1995, Injury Prevention has been the pre-eminent repository of original research and compelling commentary relevant to this increasingly important field. An international peer reviewed journal, it offers the best in science, policy, and public health practice to reduce the burden of injury in all age groups around the world. The journal publishes original research, opinion, debate and special features on the prevention of unintentional, occupational and intentional (violence-related) injuries. Injury Prevention is online only.
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