一百万年前,直立人适应了极端的草原-沙漠气候。

IF 8.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Communications Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-16 DOI:10.1038/s43247-024-01919-1
Julio Mercader, Pamela Akuku, Nicole Boivin, Alfredo Camacho, Tristan Carter, Siobhán Clarke, Arturo Cueva Temprana, Julien Favreau, Jennifer Galloway, Raquel Hernando, Haiping Huang, Stephen Hubbard, Jed O Kaplan, Steve Larter, Stephen Magohe, Abdallah Mohamed, Aloyce Mwambwiga, Ayoola Oladele, Michael Petraglia, Patrick Roberts, Palmira Saladié, Abel Shikoni, Renzo Silva, María Soto, Dominica Stricklin, Degsew Z Mekonnen, Wenran Zhao, Paul Durkin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

关于人属的早期成员何时适应沙漠和热带雨林等极端环境的问题,传统上一直集中在智人身上。在这里,我们展示了来自坦桑尼亚Oldupai峡谷Engaji Nanyori的多学科证据,揭示了100万年前直立人在极度干旱的土地上繁衍生息。利用生物地球化学分析、精确的年代测定、古气候模拟、生物群系模拟、火灾历史重建、古植物学研究、动物组合和考古证据,我们重建了一个以半沙漠灌木丛为主的环境。尽管面临这些挑战,直立人还是不断占领河流景观,利用水源和生态焦点来降低风险。这些发现表明,古人类具有一种生态灵活性,以前认为这种灵活性只属于后来的人类。这种适应性可能促进了直立人向非洲和欧亚大陆干旱地区的扩张,重新定义了他们作为生态通才的角色,在中更新世一些最具挑战性的景观中蓬勃发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Homo erectus adapted to steppe-desert climate extremes one million years ago.

Questions about when early members of the genus Homo adapted to extreme environments like deserts and rainforests have traditionally focused on Homo sapiens. Here, we present multidisciplinary evidence from Engaji Nanyori in Tanzania's Oldupai Gorge, revealing that Homo erectus thrived in hyperarid landscapes one million years ago. Using biogeochemical analyses, precise chronometric dating, palaeoclimate simulations, biome modeling, fire history reconstructions, palaeobotanical studies, faunal assemblages, and archeological evidence, we reconstruct an environment dominated by semidesert shrubland. Despite these challenges, Homo erectus repeatedly occupied fluvial landscapes, leveraging water sources and ecological focal points to mitigate risk. These findings suggest archaic humans possessed an ecological flexibility previously attributed only to later hominins. This adaptability likely facilitated the expansion of Homo erectus into the arid regions of Africa and Eurasia, redefining their role as ecological generalists thriving in some of the most challenging landscapes of the Middle Pleistocene.

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来源期刊
Communications Earth & Environment
Communications Earth & Environment Earth and Planetary Sciences-General Earth and Planetary Sciences
CiteScore
8.60
自引率
2.50%
发文量
269
审稿时长
26 weeks
期刊介绍: Communications Earth & Environment is an open access journal from Nature Portfolio publishing high-quality research, reviews and commentary in all areas of the Earth, environmental and planetary sciences. Research papers published by the journal represent significant advances that bring new insight to a specialized area in Earth science, planetary science or environmental science. Communications Earth & Environment has a 2-year impact factor of 7.9 (2022 Journal Citation Reports®). Articles published in the journal in 2022 were downloaded 1,412,858 times. Median time from submission to the first editorial decision is 8 days.
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