Yajun Cheng, Carmen Arteaga-Reyes, Una Clancy, Daniela Jaime Garcia, Maria Del C Valdés Hernández, Michael J Thrippleton, Michael S Stringer, Gordon W Blair, Stewart Wiseman, Francesca M Chappell, Junfang Zhang, Xiaodi Liu, Angela C C Jochems, Susana Muñoz Maniega, Eleni Sakka, Mark E Bastin, Rosalind Brown, Caroline M J Loos, Stephen D J Makin, Ming Liu, Bo Wu, Fergus N Doubal, Joanna M Wardlaw
{"title":"近期皮质下小梗死后“Cap”和“Track”发展的临床意义","authors":"Yajun Cheng, Carmen Arteaga-Reyes, Una Clancy, Daniela Jaime Garcia, Maria Del C Valdés Hernández, Michael J Thrippleton, Michael S Stringer, Gordon W Blair, Stewart Wiseman, Francesca M Chappell, Junfang Zhang, Xiaodi Liu, Angela C C Jochems, Susana Muñoz Maniega, Eleni Sakka, Mark E Bastin, Rosalind Brown, Caroline M J Loos, Stephen D J Makin, Ming Liu, Bo Wu, Fergus N Doubal, Joanna M Wardlaw","doi":"10.1002/ana.27182","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>After a recent small subcortical infarct (RSSI), some patients develop perilesional or remote hyperintensities ('caps/tracks') to the index infarct on T2/FLAIR MRI. However, their clinical relevance remains unclear. We investigated the clinicoradiological correlates of 'caps/tracks', and their impact on long-term outcomes following RSSI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified participants with lacunar stroke and MRI-confirmed RSSI from 3 prospective studies. At baseline, we collected risk factors, RSSI characteristics, small vessel disease (SVD) features, and microstructural integrity on diffusion imaging. Over 1-year, we repeated MRI and recorded 'caps/tracks' blinded to other data. We evaluated predictors of 'caps/tracks', and their association with 1-year functional (modified Rankin Scale score ≥2), mobility (Timed Up-and-Go), cognitive outcomes (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] score <26), and recurrent cerebrovascular events (stroke/transient ischemic attack/incident infarct) using multivariable regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 185 participants, 93 (50.3%) developed 'caps/tracks' first detected at median 198 days after stroke. 'Caps/tracks' were independently predicted by baseline factors: larger RSSI, RSSI located in white matter, higher SVD score, and higher mean diffusivity in normal-appearing white matter (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval {CI}], 1.15 [1.07-1.25], 6.01 [2.80-13.57], 1.77 [1.31-2.44], 1.42 [1.01-2.03]). At 1 year, 'cap/track' formation was associated with worse functional outcome (OR: 3.17, 95% CI: 1.28-8.22), slower gait speed (β: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.01-0.25), and recurrent cerebrovascular events (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.05-4.02), but not with cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>'Caps/tracks' after RSSI are associated with worse clinical outcomes, and may reflect vulnerability to progressive SVD-related injury. Reducing 'caps/tracks' may offer early efficacy markers in trials aiming to improve outcome after lacunar stroke. ANN NEUROL 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":127,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Clinical Relevance of 'Cap' and 'Track' Development after Recent Small Subcortical Infarct.\",\"authors\":\"Yajun Cheng, Carmen Arteaga-Reyes, Una Clancy, Daniela Jaime Garcia, Maria Del C Valdés Hernández, Michael J Thrippleton, Michael S Stringer, Gordon W Blair, Stewart Wiseman, Francesca M Chappell, Junfang Zhang, Xiaodi Liu, Angela C C Jochems, Susana Muñoz Maniega, Eleni Sakka, Mark E Bastin, Rosalind Brown, Caroline M J Loos, Stephen D J Makin, Ming Liu, Bo Wu, Fergus N Doubal, Joanna M Wardlaw\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/ana.27182\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>After a recent small subcortical infarct (RSSI), some patients develop perilesional or remote hyperintensities ('caps/tracks') to the index infarct on T2/FLAIR MRI. However, their clinical relevance remains unclear. We investigated the clinicoradiological correlates of 'caps/tracks', and their impact on long-term outcomes following RSSI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified participants with lacunar stroke and MRI-confirmed RSSI from 3 prospective studies. At baseline, we collected risk factors, RSSI characteristics, small vessel disease (SVD) features, and microstructural integrity on diffusion imaging. Over 1-year, we repeated MRI and recorded 'caps/tracks' blinded to other data. We evaluated predictors of 'caps/tracks', and their association with 1-year functional (modified Rankin Scale score ≥2), mobility (Timed Up-and-Go), cognitive outcomes (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] score <26), and recurrent cerebrovascular events (stroke/transient ischemic attack/incident infarct) using multivariable regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 185 participants, 93 (50.3%) developed 'caps/tracks' first detected at median 198 days after stroke. 'Caps/tracks' were independently predicted by baseline factors: larger RSSI, RSSI located in white matter, higher SVD score, and higher mean diffusivity in normal-appearing white matter (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval {CI}], 1.15 [1.07-1.25], 6.01 [2.80-13.57], 1.77 [1.31-2.44], 1.42 [1.01-2.03]). At 1 year, 'cap/track' formation was associated with worse functional outcome (OR: 3.17, 95% CI: 1.28-8.22), slower gait speed (β: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.01-0.25), and recurrent cerebrovascular events (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.05-4.02), but not with cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>'Caps/tracks' after RSSI are associated with worse clinical outcomes, and may reflect vulnerability to progressive SVD-related injury. Reducing 'caps/tracks' may offer early efficacy markers in trials aiming to improve outcome after lacunar stroke. ANN NEUROL 2025.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":127,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Annals of Neurology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":8.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Annals of Neurology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.27182\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annals of Neurology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.27182","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Clinical Relevance of 'Cap' and 'Track' Development after Recent Small Subcortical Infarct.
Objective: After a recent small subcortical infarct (RSSI), some patients develop perilesional or remote hyperintensities ('caps/tracks') to the index infarct on T2/FLAIR MRI. However, their clinical relevance remains unclear. We investigated the clinicoradiological correlates of 'caps/tracks', and their impact on long-term outcomes following RSSI.
Methods: We identified participants with lacunar stroke and MRI-confirmed RSSI from 3 prospective studies. At baseline, we collected risk factors, RSSI characteristics, small vessel disease (SVD) features, and microstructural integrity on diffusion imaging. Over 1-year, we repeated MRI and recorded 'caps/tracks' blinded to other data. We evaluated predictors of 'caps/tracks', and their association with 1-year functional (modified Rankin Scale score ≥2), mobility (Timed Up-and-Go), cognitive outcomes (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] score <26), and recurrent cerebrovascular events (stroke/transient ischemic attack/incident infarct) using multivariable regression.
Results: Among 185 participants, 93 (50.3%) developed 'caps/tracks' first detected at median 198 days after stroke. 'Caps/tracks' were independently predicted by baseline factors: larger RSSI, RSSI located in white matter, higher SVD score, and higher mean diffusivity in normal-appearing white matter (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval {CI}], 1.15 [1.07-1.25], 6.01 [2.80-13.57], 1.77 [1.31-2.44], 1.42 [1.01-2.03]). At 1 year, 'cap/track' formation was associated with worse functional outcome (OR: 3.17, 95% CI: 1.28-8.22), slower gait speed (β: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.01-0.25), and recurrent cerebrovascular events (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.05-4.02), but not with cognitive impairment.
Interpretation: 'Caps/tracks' after RSSI are associated with worse clinical outcomes, and may reflect vulnerability to progressive SVD-related injury. Reducing 'caps/tracks' may offer early efficacy markers in trials aiming to improve outcome after lacunar stroke. ANN NEUROL 2025.
期刊介绍：
Annals of Neurology publishes original articles with potential for high impact in understanding the pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory features, diagnosis, treatment, outcomes and science underlying diseases of the human nervous system. Articles should ideally be of broad interest to the academic neurological community rather than solely to subspecialists in a particular field. Studies involving experimental model system, including those in cell and organ cultures and animals, of direct translational relevance to the understanding of neurological disease are also encouraged.
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