Does farmers' adoption of green production technologies help mitigate household livelihood vulnerability? ——Based on China land economic survey

Drawing upon the Sustainable Livelihood Framework, this study utilizes the 2022 Chinese land economic survey data to examine the impact of six green production technologies—soil subsoiling, soil testing formulated fertilization, organic manure application, low-toxic pesticide application, pesticide packaging recycling, and agricultural film recycling—on farmers' household livelihood vulnerability. The findings indicate that the adoption of green production technologies can significantly mitigate the farmers' household vulnerability in general, with a greater number of adopted technologies leading to a lower level of livelihood vulnerability. However, heterogeneity exists in the mitigating effects of different green production technologies on farmers' household livelihood vulnerability. Specifically, organic manure application, low-toxic pesticide application, and pesticide package recycling demonstrate significant potential to mitigate farmers' household livelihood vulnerability, while soil subsoiling, soil testing formulated fertilization, and agricultural film recycling have insignificant impacts on farmers' household livelihood vulnerability. Additionally, in the context of the impact of adopting green production technologies on farmers' household livelihood vulnerability, agricultural production efficiency and socialized services play significant roles as a partial mediating factor and a positive moderator, respectively.