{"title":"图的奇子图的最大大小等于[公式省略]","authors":"Si-Ao Xu, Baoyindureng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129297","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A graph is said to be odd if the degrees of all vertices are odd. A subgraph <em>F</em> of <em>X</em> is called an odd factor of <em>X</em> if <em>F</em> is odd and <span><math><mi>V</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>V</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span>. Let <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>max</mi><mo></mo><mo>{</mo><mo>|</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>|</mo><mo>:</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>⊆</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>[</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>]</mo><mtext> is odd</mtext><mo>}</mo></math></span> and <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>″</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>max</mi><mo></mo><mo>{</mo><mo>|</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>|</mo><mo>:</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>⊆</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>[</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>]</mo><mtext> is an odd factor of </mtext><mi>X</mi><mo>}</mo></math></span>. In 2001, Scott established that every connected graph <em>X</em> of even order admits a vertex partition <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><mo>…</mo><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> such that the induced graph <span><math><mi>X</mi><mo>[</mo><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>]</mo></math></span> is odd for <span><math><mi>i</mi><mo>∈</mo><mo>{</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>…</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>}</mo></math></span>. It implies that for a graph of order <em>n</em>, <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>≥</mo><mo>⌊</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>⌋</mo></math></span>, and <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>″</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>≥</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac></math></span> if <em>n</em> is even. In this paper, first we characterize all trees <em>T</em> with the property that <span><math><mi>T</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>v</mi></math></span> has a perfect matching for any leaf <em>v</em>. Thereby, we comprehensively characterize all connected graphs that attain the tight lower bounds for <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> and <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>″</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 129297"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Graphs whose the maximum size of an odd subgraph equal to ⌊n2⌋\",\"authors\":\"Si-Ao Xu, Baoyindureng Wu\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129297\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>A graph is said to be odd if the degrees of all vertices are odd. A subgraph <em>F</em> of <em>X</em> is called an odd factor of <em>X</em> if <em>F</em> is odd and <span><math><mi>V</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>V</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span>. Let <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>max</mi><mo></mo><mo>{</mo><mo>|</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>|</mo><mo>:</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>⊆</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>[</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>]</mo><mtext> is odd</mtext><mo>}</mo></math></span> and <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>″</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>max</mi><mo></mo><mo>{</mo><mo>|</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>|</mo><mo>:</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>⊆</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>[</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>]</mo><mtext> is an odd factor of </mtext><mi>X</mi><mo>}</mo></math></span>. In 2001, Scott established that every connected graph <em>X</em> of even order admits a vertex partition <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><mo>…</mo><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> such that the induced graph <span><math><mi>X</mi><mo>[</mo><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>]</mo></math></span> is odd for <span><math><mi>i</mi><mo>∈</mo><mo>{</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>…</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>}</mo></math></span>. It implies that for a graph of order <em>n</em>, <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>≥</mo><mo>⌊</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>⌋</mo></math></span>, and <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>″</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>≥</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac></math></span> if <em>n</em> is even. In this paper, first we characterize all trees <em>T</em> with the property that <span><math><mi>T</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>v</mi></math></span> has a perfect matching for any leaf <em>v</em>. Thereby, we comprehensively characterize all connected graphs that attain the tight lower bounds for <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> and <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>″</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> respectively.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":55496,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Applied Mathematics and Computation\",\"volume\":\"494 \",\"pages\":\"Article 129297\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-15\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Applied Mathematics and Computation\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"100\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0096300325000244\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"数学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MATHEMATICS, APPLIED\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","FirstCategoryId":"100","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0096300325000244","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATHEMATICS, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
如果所有顶点的度数都是奇数,则称该图为奇数图。如果 F 是奇数且 V(F)=V(X) ,则 X 的子图 F 称为 X 的奇数因子。让 fo′(X)=max{|S|:S⊆E(X),X[S]是奇数}和 fo″(X)=max{|S|:S⊆E(X),X[S]是 X 的奇因子}。2001 年,斯科特发现,每个偶数阶的连通图 X 都有一个顶点分区 A1,...,As,这样,对于 i∈{1,...,s},诱导图 X[Ai] 是奇数。这意味着对于阶数为 n 的图,fo′(X)≥⌊n2⌋,如果 n 为偶数,则 fo″(X)≥n2。本文首先描述了所有树 T 的特性,即 T-v 对任意叶 v 都有一个完美匹配。因此,我们全面描述了所有连通图的特性,这些图分别达到了 fo′(X)和 fo″(X)的紧下界。
Graphs whose the maximum size of an odd subgraph equal to ⌊n2⌋
A graph is said to be odd if the degrees of all vertices are odd. A subgraph F of X is called an odd factor of X if F is odd and . Let and . In 2001, Scott established that every connected graph X of even order admits a vertex partition such that the induced graph is odd for . It implies that for a graph of order n, , and if n is even. In this paper, first we characterize all trees T with the property that has a perfect matching for any leaf v. Thereby, we comprehensively characterize all connected graphs that attain the tight lower bounds for and respectively.
期刊介绍:
Applied Mathematics and Computation addresses work at the interface between applied mathematics, numerical computation, and applications of systems – oriented ideas to the physical, biological, social, and behavioral sciences, and emphasizes papers of a computational nature focusing on new algorithms, their analysis and numerical results.
In addition to presenting research papers, Applied Mathematics and Computation publishes review articles and single–topics issues.