Stephan Kuschel, Phay J. Ho, Andre Al Haddad, Felix F. Zimmermann, Leonie Flueckiger, Matthew R. Ware, Joseph Duris, James P. MacArthur, Alberto Lutman, Ming-Fu Lin, Xiang Li, Kazutaka Nakahara, Jeff W. Aldrich, Peter Walter, Linda Young, Christoph Bostedt, Agostino Marinelli, Tais Gorkhover
{"title":"瞬态共振对超快x射线衍射的非线性增强","authors":"Stephan Kuschel, Phay J. Ho, Andre Al Haddad, Felix F. Zimmermann, Leonie Flueckiger, Matthew R. Ware, Joseph Duris, James P. MacArthur, Alberto Lutman, Ming-Fu Lin, Xiang Li, Kazutaka Nakahara, Jeff W. Aldrich, Peter Walter, Linda Young, Christoph Bostedt, Agostino Marinelli, Tais Gorkhover","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-56046-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diffraction-before-destruction imaging with ultrashort X-ray pulses can visualize non-equilibrium processes, such as chemical reactions, with sub-femtosecond precision in the native environment. Here, a nanospecimen diffracts a single X-ray flash before it disintegrates. The sample structure can be reconstructed from the coherent diffraction image (CDI). State-of-the-art X-ray snapshots lack high spatial resolution because of weak diffraction signal. Bleaching effects from photo-ionization significantly restrain image brightness scaling. We find that non-linear transient ion resonances can overcome this barrier if X-ray laser pulses are shorter than in most experiments. We compared snapshots from individual ≈ 100 nm Xe nanoparticles as a function of pulse duration and incoming X-ray fluence. Our experimental results and Monte Carlo simulations suggest that transient resonances can increase ionic scattering cross sections significantly beyond literature values. This provides a novel avenue towards substantial improvement of the spatial resolution in CDI in combination with sub-femtosecond temporal precision at the nanoscale.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Non-linear enhancement of ultrafast X-ray diffraction through transient resonances\",\"authors\":\"Stephan Kuschel, Phay J. Ho, Andre Al Haddad, Felix F. Zimmermann, Leonie Flueckiger, Matthew R. Ware, Joseph Duris, James P. MacArthur, Alberto Lutman, Ming-Fu Lin, Xiang Li, Kazutaka Nakahara, Jeff W. Aldrich, Peter Walter, Linda Young, Christoph Bostedt, Agostino Marinelli, Tais Gorkhover\",\"doi\":\"10.1038/s41467-025-56046-y\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Diffraction-before-destruction imaging with ultrashort X-ray pulses can visualize non-equilibrium processes, such as chemical reactions, with sub-femtosecond precision in the native environment. Here, a nanospecimen diffracts a single X-ray flash before it disintegrates. The sample structure can be reconstructed from the coherent diffraction image (CDI). State-of-the-art X-ray snapshots lack high spatial resolution because of weak diffraction signal. Bleaching effects from photo-ionization significantly restrain image brightness scaling. We find that non-linear transient ion resonances can overcome this barrier if X-ray laser pulses are shorter than in most experiments. We compared snapshots from individual ≈ 100 nm Xe nanoparticles as a function of pulse duration and incoming X-ray fluence. Our experimental results and Monte Carlo simulations suggest that transient resonances can increase ionic scattering cross sections significantly beyond literature values. This provides a novel avenue towards substantial improvement of the spatial resolution in CDI in combination with sub-femtosecond temporal precision at the nanoscale.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19066,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Nature Communications\",\"volume\":\"56 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":15.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-20\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Nature Communications\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"103\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56046-y\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"综合性期刊\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nature Communications","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56046-y","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-linear enhancement of ultrafast X-ray diffraction through transient resonances
Diffraction-before-destruction imaging with ultrashort X-ray pulses can visualize non-equilibrium processes, such as chemical reactions, with sub-femtosecond precision in the native environment. Here, a nanospecimen diffracts a single X-ray flash before it disintegrates. The sample structure can be reconstructed from the coherent diffraction image (CDI). State-of-the-art X-ray snapshots lack high spatial resolution because of weak diffraction signal. Bleaching effects from photo-ionization significantly restrain image brightness scaling. We find that non-linear transient ion resonances can overcome this barrier if X-ray laser pulses are shorter than in most experiments. We compared snapshots from individual ≈ 100 nm Xe nanoparticles as a function of pulse duration and incoming X-ray fluence. Our experimental results and Monte Carlo simulations suggest that transient resonances can increase ionic scattering cross sections significantly beyond literature values. This provides a novel avenue towards substantial improvement of the spatial resolution in CDI in combination with sub-femtosecond temporal precision at the nanoscale.
期刊介绍:
Nature Communications, an open-access journal, publishes high-quality research spanning all areas of the natural sciences. Papers featured in the journal showcase significant advances relevant to specialists in each respective field. With a 2-year impact factor of 16.6 (2022) and a median time of 8 days from submission to the first editorial decision, Nature Communications is committed to rapid dissemination of research findings. As a multidisciplinary journal, it welcomes contributions from biological, health, physical, chemical, Earth, social, mathematical, applied, and engineering sciences, aiming to highlight important breakthroughs within each domain.