Factors Associated With Balance and Fear of Falling in Patients With Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Controlled Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors influencing balance and fear of falling (FOF) in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

Design: A controlled cross-sectional study.

Setting: Single center study.

Methods: A total of 31 patients with BPPV and 30 controls were included in this cross-sectional study. The handgrip strength (HGS) was measured using the Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer. Ultrasound measurements of muscle thickness (MT) of the biceps brachii, medial head of gastrocnemius, and lateral head of gastrocnemius were recorded. MT/body mass index was calculated. FOF was assessed using the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES). The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used to assess the participants' balance. The timed up and go test (TUG) was used to evaluate physical function. The video head impulse test (VHIT) was used to evaluate the semicircular canals.

Results: The FES scores and TUG duration were higher and the BBS scores were lower in patients with BPPV compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that dominant HGS (B = -1.380, p = 0.012), BMI (B = 2.391, p = 0.011), and female gender (B = 18.369, p = 0.036) were associated factors for the FES in patients with BPPV. Age (B = -0.239, p < 0.001), dominant HGS (B = 0.441, p < 0.001), BMI (B = -0.503, p = 0.032) and R ASC (B = -12.601, p = 0.006) were associated variables for the BBS. Age was an associated factor for the TUG (B = 0.158, p = 0.017).

Conclusion: Lower HGS, higher BMI and female gender were associated factors for greater FOF in patients with BPPV. Clinicians should be aware of risk factors and educate patients regarding balance and FOF.