Manifestation of antiquark nuggets in collisions with the Earth

Antiquark nuggets are hypothetical compact composite objects conjectured to account for a significant fraction of dark matter in the Universe. In contrast to quark nuggets, these objects consist of antimatter. They may remain undetected if they possess a sufficiently small cross section relative to their mass. In this paper, we investigate the allowed region in the parameter space of this model that is consistent with the observed neutrino flux from the Sun and the Earth, and the nonobservation of seismic events with specific signatures of dark matter particles. We found the allowed values of the antibaryon charge number in this model to be in the interval 2×1024<A<8×1025, while the probability of nucleon annihilation upon collisions with the antiquark core is constrained by 0.1≲κ<0.25. These values of A and κ are, however, constrained by the IceCube experiment and nonobservation of impacts of antiquark nuggets on humans. Although very large values of the antibaryon charge, A>1033, are not fully excluded by the present study, we show that they conflict with the nonobservation of rare catastrophic explosionlike events on the Earth. Published by the American Physical Society 2025