A pectic polysaccharide from Lycium ruthenicum Murray alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice.

Inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD) can lead to severe complications like perforation, bleeding, and colon cancer, posing life-threatening risks. Lycium ruthenicum Murray (L. ruthenicum Murr.), rich in polysaccharides, has been utilized in traditional diets for thousands of years. This study explores the protective effects of the polysaccharide of L. ruthenicum on mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. In the present study, a pectic polysaccharide (LRWP-Ap) containing arabinogalactan (AG) and homogalacturonic acid (HG) structural domains with a Mw of 4.34 kDa was obtained from L. ruthenicum Murr. Fruit. The gavage administration of LRWP-Ap significantly alleviated symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice. In this process, LRWP-Ap modulated the balance of Arg-1/iNOS to regulate the metabolism of arginine, and the levels of intestinal tight junction (TJ) (ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin 1) were increased by LRWP-Ap treatment, which promoted intestinal barrier function. In addition, LRWP-Ap alleviated the inflammatory response while increasing the anti-inflammatory response by reducing the level of proinflammatory factors, enhancing the level of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10) and improving the balance of Treg/Th17 cells. These effects resulted in the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis. Moreover, LRWP-Ap modulated the gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content, which may maintain relatively favorable intestinal homeostasis. In general, LRWP-Ap has the potential to alleviate IBD, and the use of L. ruthenicum Murr. As a natural functional food to improve gut health in the context of DSS-induced colitis.