俯冲系统中的地幔流动及其对地表构造和岩浆活动的影响

Valentina Magni, Ágnes Király, Colton Lynner, Pilar Avila, James Gill
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摘要

俯冲引发的地幔流动在地表构造和火山活动的演化过程中起着至关重要的作用。在这篇综述中,我们将探讨地幔流动的模式,尤其是上地幔的流动模式,是如何随着俯冲动力学的发展而演变,并导致地表地形的表现。板坯前方的极环流(通常称为角流)是新的星体层地幔向上买入地幔楔的主要方式。板块边缘的环状流使侧向地幔从板块边缘后面或附近流向地幔楔,例如在埃特纳火山下的卡拉布里亚俯冲带。如果伴有上涌,环流可以到达浅层,并可在地表火山岩的地球化学中找到踪迹。不同的海沟后退速度、板块窗口和裂缝的形成,以及从平坦俯冲到陡峭倾角的转换,都会导致流体层输入楔块的增加,从而在地表形成不同的火山活动和地形表现。然而,将地幔流动的具体作用与观测到的动态地形变化联系起来,往往很难与其他地壳和岩石圈尺度的过程区分开来。为帮助区分地幔流动的各种表现形式,未来的研究应继续根据新出现的地质、地球化学和地球物理观测结果,反复更新地幔流动的数值和模拟模型。俯冲带下沉板块产生复杂的地幔流动模式,影响全球地幔对流、地表变形和火山活动。本综述探讨了由俯冲产生的动态地幔流是如何演变并导致地表地形和火山活动的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Mantle flow in subduction systems and its effects on surface tectonics and magmatism

Mantle flow in subduction systems and its effects on surface tectonics and magmatism
Mantle flow triggered by subduction has a crucial role in the evolution of surface tectonics and volcanism. In this Review, we explore how patterns of mantle flow, particularly those in the upper mantle, evolve in response to subduction dynamics and cause surface topographic expressions. Poloidal flow in front of the slab (often called corner flow) is the main way new asthenospheric mantle is bought upwards into the mantle wedge. Toroidal flow around slab edges causes lateral mantle to flow from behind or adjacent to the slab edge towards the mantle wedge, for instance, at the Calabrian subduction zone under Etna. If accompanied by upwelling, toroidal flow can reach shallow depths and be traced in the geochemistry of volcanic rocks at the surface. Differential rates of trench retreat, the formation of slab windows and tears, and the switch from flat subduction to a steep dip angle can all cause increased asthenospheric input into the wedge, leading to distinct volcanism and topographic expressions at the surface. However, linking specific contributions of mantle flow to observed changes in dynamic topography is often difficult to distinguish from other crustal and lithospheric scale processes. To help distinguish the diverse expressions of mantle flow, future research should continue to iteratively update numerical and analogue models of mantle flow with emerging geological, geochemical and geophysical observations. Sinking slabs at subduction zones generate complex patterns of mantle flow that affect global mantle convection, surface deformation and volcanism. This Review explores how dynamic subduction-generated mantle flow evolves and causes surface topographic and volcanic expressions.
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