Delayed two stage breast reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the long-term impact and potential effectiveness of our specialized acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in a two-stage breast reconstruction process.

Objective: Opinions regarding the use of ADMs are currently divided. While their positive contribution to reconstructive breast surgery is evident, the results of studies vary depending on specific procedures, patient selection, and techniques employed.

Material and methods: In a retrospective study conducted between January 2015 and October 2023, it was examined a cohort of patients who underwent delayed two-stage breast reconstruction with the addition of ADM prepared by Central Tissue Bank (CTB) the Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Department University Hospital Ružinov. Our primary focus was on the occurrence of significant postoperative complications during both the initial and subsequent reconstruction periods, taking into account patients' medical history, comorbidities, and adjuvant therapy.

Results: We examined a total of 46 patients (49 breasts) who underwent two-stage breast reconstruction. The average age of the patients was 46 and the average BMI was 23.1. The average length of outpatient follow-up for female patients was 32 months. We observed a total of 4 cases of capsular contracture, ranging from grade I to grade III, with 2 cases requiring surgical revision through capsulotomy and implant exchange. Postoperative complications, such as infection and dehiscence leading to expander/implant loss, occurred in one case. The occurrence of seroma was noted in 3 cases. Complications were more frequently observed in the group of patients with post-radiation chest changes and comorbidities such as diabetes or hypertension, and in patients with a lower BMI than the group's average (23.1). In the group of patients who were smokers, we did not observe an increased rate of complications, with the exception of wound dehiscence in cases where there was no expander exposure.

Conclusion: In experienced hands, ADM prepared by CTB and used in delayed two-stage breast reconstruction, can be beneficial as an adjunct to prosthetic breast reconstruction while also reducing costs.