Co-evolution analysis of low-carbon cooperation between service providers and demanders

To achieve the “double carbon” goal, the cloud platform has stimulated low-carbon cooperation among providers and demanders in cloud manufacturing. A co-evolutionary game model of low-carbon cooperation for providers and demanders is constructed using evolutionary game theory and complex network theory. The Fermi rule and Aspiration-driven rule are utilized to describe the learning process of low-carbon strategies for both parties. Numerical analysis compares the impacts of different strategy update rules on the evolution of low-carbon strategies for providers and demanders. Furthermore, the impacts of platform incentives and environmental noise levels are analyzed. The results indicated that providers and demanders are inclined to engage in low-carbon cooperation through the Fermi rule considering the node degree and the Aspiration-driven rule, which updates aspiration levels. As carbon trading prices and green subsidies increase, providers are more likely to opt for low-carbon cooperation. Low-carbon consumption subsidies positively affect demanders’ cooperation. Conversely, environmental noise levels negatively influence providers’ cooperation. Compared to self-evolution mode, co-evolution mode encourages both sides to participate more actively in low-carbon cooperation. Overall, the study provides valuable insights and decision-making suggestions for the cloud platform. These suggestions aim to enhance the platform’s role in promoting low-carbon cooperation among providers and demanders, thereby contributing to the ‘double carbon’ goal.