Association of Opioid Use Disorder-Related Service Trajectories during Pregnancy and Postpartum Health Service Use: A Group-Based Multitrajectory Modeling Study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between opioid use disorder (OUD)-related service trajectories during pregnancy and postpartum emergency department (ED) and hospitalizations.

Methods: We used the Merative MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database (2013-2021) to identify a cohort of pregnant individuals with OUD. We used group-based multitrajectory modeling to identify opioid-related treatment and service trajectories during pregnancy and examined their association with postpartum ED and hospital utilization.

Results: Seven opioid-related treatment and service trajectories were identified in our cohort of 2,531 pregnant individuals with OUD. Compared to individuals initiating medications for OUD (MOUD) halfway through pregnancy but maintaining high adherence without ancillary services, those receiving only services throughout pregnancy had a higher risk of postpartum ED visits (HRED = 1.34). This latter group also faced significantly higher risks of postpartum hospitalizations, compared to adherent MOUD use (proportion of days covered ≥80%) alone, both throughout or in the latter half of pregnancy (HRHOS = 1.93; HRHOS = 1.60), and patients without MOUD or services (HRHOS = 1.43). Individuals initiating MOUD late in pregnancy with poor adherence and infrequent service use faced significantly higher risks of postdelivery hospitalization compared to consistent MOUD users throughout pregnancy (HRHOS = 2.33), or in the latter half, with or without services (HRHOS = 2.02; HRHOS = 1.93), and those not receiving MOUD or services (HRHOS = 1.73).

Conclusions: Adherent MOUD use either throughout pregnancy or the latter half of pregnancy, irrespective of other service use, was associated with better postpartum outcomes defined by fewer ED visits and hospitalizations.