运动员执行功能优势：系统回顾与元分析。

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI:10.1002/brb3.70212

Shuangquan Ren, Peng Shi, Xioasu Feng, Kai Zhang, Wenchao Wang

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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的：运动员是否具有优越的执行功能还有待进一步研究。因此，本研究的目的是通过系统回顾和荟萃分析，探讨运动员的执行功能优势以及这些优势在开放式和封闭式技能运动中的差异。方法：计算机检索CNKI、Web of Science、PubMed、ScienceDirect、SPORTDiscus等数据库。经两位研究者进行文献选择、数据提取和质量评估后，采用SPSS 25.0、Stata 16.0和GraphPad Prism 8软件进行数据处理、统计分析和可视化呈现。结果：共纳入41篇文献，包括3845名运动员，平均年龄9.6 ~ 42.8岁。运动员抑制控制(Z = 5.18，标准化平均差（SMD) = -0.631, 95%可信区间(CI) = -0.869 ~ -0.392, p = 0.000）和工作记忆（Z = 3.42, SMD = -0.382, 95%CI = -0.601 ~ -0.163, p = 0.001）较无运动经验的普通组表现出更高的正性。优秀运动员和次优秀运动员、次优秀运动员和业余运动员在认知灵活性任务上的表现都比后者积极。此外，与封闭式技术运动员相比，开放式技术运动员在工作记忆和认知灵活性任务上的表现更为积极。Egger线性回归分析显示抑制控制可能存在发表偏倚，而工作记忆和认知灵活性不存在发表偏倚。单变量荟萃回归分析显示，发表日期（β = 0.145）和样本量（β = -0.002）是纳入认知灵活性的研究之间异质性的来源(p结论：运动员具有优异的执行功能表现，并且随着运动经验的增加而增加。此外，开放式技术运动员表现出更积极的执行功能。研究结果对今后运动员的选拔和训练具有指导意义。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Executive Function Strengths in Athletes: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Executive Function Strengths in Athletes: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective

Whether athletes possess superior executive functions still needs further examination. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the executive function advantages of athletes and the differences in these advantages between open- and closed-skill sports through systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

Computer searches of CNKI, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SPORTDiscus databases were conducted. After document selection, data extraction, and quality assessment by two researchers, data processing, statistical analysis, and visual presentation were performed using SPSS 25.0, Stata 16.0, and GraphPad Prism 8 software.

Results

A total of 41 articles were included, including 3845 athletes with a mean age of 9.6–42.8 years. Athletes showed more positive inhibitory control (Z = 5.18, standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.631, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = −0.869 to −0.392, p = 0.000) and working memory (Z = 3.42, SMD = −0.382, 95%CI = −0.601 to −0.163, p = 0.001) compared to the general group with no sports experience. Elite and sub-elite, and sub-elite and amateur athletes all showed more positive performance on the cognitive flexibility task compared to the latter. In addition, open-skilled athletes performed more positively on working memory and cognitive flexibility tasks compared to closed-skilled athletes. Egger linear regression analysis revealed a possible publication bias for inhibitory control, whereas there was no publication bias for working memory and cognitive flexibility. Univariate meta-regression analysis revealed that date of publication (β = 0.145) and sample size (β = −0.002) were sources of heterogeneity between studies for the inclusion of cognitive flexibility (p < 0.05). The sensitivity analysis of the one-by-one elimination method and the cut-and-patch method found the results to be relatively robust and reliable.

Conclusion

Athletes have superior executive function performance that increases with sports experience. In addition, open-skilled athletes showed more positive executive function. The result has guiding significance for the selection and training of athletes in the future.

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来源期刊

Brain and Behavior BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES-NEUROSCIENCES

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

0.00%

发文量

352

审稿时长

14 weeks

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