Role of a new inflammation predictor in predicting recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation.

Background: Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) has become an important strategy for treating atrial fibrillation (AF), and postoperative recurrence represents a significant and actively discussed clinical concern. The recurrence after RFCA is considered closely related to inflammation. Systemic immune inflammation index (SII) is a novel inflammation predictor based on neutrophils, platelets, and lymphocytes, and is considered a biomarker that comprehensively reflects the immune inflammatory status of the body.

Aim: To explore the predictive effect of the SII on AF recurrence after RFCA and its predictive value in combination with the existing APPLE score for AF recurrence after RFCA in patients with non-valvular AF (NVAF).

Methods: We retrospectively included 457 patients with NVAF first receiving RFCA and classified them into the recurrent or non-recurrent group. We also investigated the predictive role of SII on AF recurrence following RFCA. Finally, we explored and compared the additional predictive value of the SII after combining with the APPLE score.

Results: After 12 months of follow-up, 113 (24.7%) patients experienced recurrence. High SII has been demonstrated to be an independent predictor for postoperative AF recurrence. Receiver operating characteristic and decision curve analysis (DCA), as well as net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) results, showed that SII combined with the APPLE score had higher predictive efficiency than using the SII or APPLE score alone. The area under the curve of the combined model (0.662, 95% confidence interval: 0.602-0.722) significantly increased compared with that of the SII and APPLE scores alone (P < 0.001). The combined model resulted in an NRI of 29.6% and 34.1% and IDI of 4.9% and 3.5% in predicting AF recurrence compared with the SII and APPLE scores alone, respectively (all P < 0.001). The SII, APPLE score, and their combination demonstrated greater clinical utility than did the treat-all and treat-none strategies over the 20-80% risk threshold according to the DCA.

Conclusion: The SII was a predictor of recurrence after RFCA of AF. Moreover, the SII enhanced the predictability of the APPLE score for post-RFCA AF recurrence, providing valuable insights for physicians to optimise patient selection and develop personalised treatment plans.