{"title":"年龄对骨传导振幅调制cemp时间调制传递函数的影响。","authors":"Raghav H Jha, Erin G Piker, Christopher G Clinard","doi":"10.1097/AUD.0000000000001614","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) reflect saccular stimulation that results in an inhibitory muscle reflex recorded over the sternocleidomastoid muscle. These responses are utilized to study basic vestibular functions and are also applied clinically. Traditionally, cVEMPs have utilized transient stimuli such as clicks and tonebursts to evoke onset responses. Recently, amplitude-modulated tones have been used to elicit cVEMPs (AMcVEMPs). These AMcVEMP responses can provide information about the magnitude, phase synchrony, and nonlinearities from the vestibulo-collic reflexes that cannot be captured using other existing testing techniques. Although temporal modulation transfer functions (TMTFs) of AMcVEMPs for young, healthy adults have been established using different analysis techniques, there is currently no information regarding the effects of age on these responses. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the effects of age on AMcVEMPs across a broad range of modulation frequencies (MFs) using various AMcVEMP metrics including amplitude, signal to noise ratio (SNR), and phase coherence (PC).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The study included 16 (aged 20 to 39 years) young, 17 (aged 40 to 59 years) mid-age, and 16 (60 to 75 years) older adults with no history of neurological, vestibular, or middle-ear complaints. The stimuli consisted of amplitude-modulated tones with a carrier frequency of 500 Hz and 10 MFs ranging from 11 to 397 Hz. These stimuli were presented using a B81 transducer at 123 dB FL. AMcVEMPs were recorded from the sternocleidomastoid muscle (ipsilateral to the stimulating mastoid) using surface electrodes. Response analysis was performed using an FFT-based approach with analyses including amplitude, SNR, and PC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AMcVEMP waveforms exhibited periodicity corresponding to the stimulus MF, consistent with previous observations. Furthermore, significant age-related degradation in AMcVEMP amplitude, SNR, and PC measures were observed across a broad range of MFs. While AMcVEMPs were elicited across a wide range of MFs (11 to 263 Hz) for young adults, in mid-age and older adults, these metrics were robust only across a narrower range of MFs, resulting in a reduced TMTF. In addition, the MF eliciting the most robust AMcVEMP varied across different AMcVEMP analysis metrics and age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A significant decline in the AMcVEMP response is seen as an effect of aging; however, the effect of aging is not uniform across measures or across MFs. The TMTF of AMcVEMP gets flatter, and the overall range is reduced as an effect of aging. Results from this study enhance our understanding of age-related changes in the vestibular system. Expansion of AMcVEMP to clinical populations may lead to a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of vestibular disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":55172,"journal":{"name":"Ear and Hearing","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effects of Age on the Bone-Conduction Amplitude-Modulated cVEMP Temporal Modulation Transfer Function.\",\"authors\":\"Raghav H Jha, Erin G Piker, Christopher G Clinard\",\"doi\":\"10.1097/AUD.0000000000001614\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) reflect saccular stimulation that results in an inhibitory muscle reflex recorded over the sternocleidomastoid muscle. These responses are utilized to study basic vestibular functions and are also applied clinically. Traditionally, cVEMPs have utilized transient stimuli such as clicks and tonebursts to evoke onset responses. Recently, amplitude-modulated tones have been used to elicit cVEMPs (AMcVEMPs). These AMcVEMP responses can provide information about the magnitude, phase synchrony, and nonlinearities from the vestibulo-collic reflexes that cannot be captured using other existing testing techniques. Although temporal modulation transfer functions (TMTFs) of AMcVEMPs for young, healthy adults have been established using different analysis techniques, there is currently no information regarding the effects of age on these responses. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the effects of age on AMcVEMPs across a broad range of modulation frequencies (MFs) using various AMcVEMP metrics including amplitude, signal to noise ratio (SNR), and phase coherence (PC).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The study included 16 (aged 20 to 39 years) young, 17 (aged 40 to 59 years) mid-age, and 16 (60 to 75 years) older adults with no history of neurological, vestibular, or middle-ear complaints. The stimuli consisted of amplitude-modulated tones with a carrier frequency of 500 Hz and 10 MFs ranging from 11 to 397 Hz. These stimuli were presented using a B81 transducer at 123 dB FL. AMcVEMPs were recorded from the sternocleidomastoid muscle (ipsilateral to the stimulating mastoid) using surface electrodes. Response analysis was performed using an FFT-based approach with analyses including amplitude, SNR, and PC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AMcVEMP waveforms exhibited periodicity corresponding to the stimulus MF, consistent with previous observations. Furthermore, significant age-related degradation in AMcVEMP amplitude, SNR, and PC measures were observed across a broad range of MFs. While AMcVEMPs were elicited across a wide range of MFs (11 to 263 Hz) for young adults, in mid-age and older adults, these metrics were robust only across a narrower range of MFs, resulting in a reduced TMTF. In addition, the MF eliciting the most robust AMcVEMP varied across different AMcVEMP analysis metrics and age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A significant decline in the AMcVEMP response is seen as an effect of aging; however, the effect of aging is not uniform across measures or across MFs. The TMTF of AMcVEMP gets flatter, and the overall range is reduced as an effect of aging. Results from this study enhance our understanding of age-related changes in the vestibular system. Expansion of AMcVEMP to clinical populations may lead to a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of vestibular disorders.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":55172,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Ear and Hearing\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-12-27\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Ear and Hearing\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000001614\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ear and Hearing","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000001614","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的:颈前庭诱发肌生成电位(cemps)反映了囊性刺激导致胸锁乳突肌上记录的抑制性肌肉反射。这些反应被用来研究基本的前庭功能,也应用于临床。传统上,cemps利用短暂的刺激,如咔哒声和音调爆发来唤起发病反应。最近,调幅音调已被用于引发cemps (amcemps)。这些amcemp响应可以提供有关前庭-碰撞反射的幅度、相位同步和非线性的信息,这些信息是其他现有测试技术无法捕获的。虽然已经使用不同的分析技术建立了年轻健康成人amcemps的时间调节传递函数(TMTFs),但目前还没有关于年龄对这些反应影响的信息。因此,目前的研究旨在使用各种amcemp指标,包括幅度、信噪比(SNR)和相位相干性(PC),在广泛的调制频率(MFs)范围内检查年龄对amcemp的影响。设计:该研究包括16名(20至39岁)年轻人、17名(40至59岁)中年人和16名(60至75岁)老年人,他们没有神经、前庭或中耳疾病史。刺激包括载波频率为500 Hz的调幅音调和10 mhz,范围从11到397 Hz。这些刺激使用B81换能器在123 dB FL下呈现。amcemps使用表面电极从胸锁乳突肌(刺激乳突的同侧)记录。响应分析采用基于fft的方法进行,分析包括幅度、信噪比和PC。结果:amcemp波形表现出与刺激MF相对应的周期性,与前人的观察结果一致。此外,在广泛的mf中观察到amcemp幅度、信噪比和PC测量的显著年龄相关退化。虽然amcemps在年轻人、中年人和老年人的宽范围MFs(11至263 Hz)中被激发,但这些指标仅在较窄的MFs范围内是稳健的,导致TMTF减少。此外,引发最稳健amcemp的MF在不同的amcemp分析指标和年龄组中有所不同。结论:amcemp反应的显著下降被认为是衰老的影响;然而,衰老的影响在不同的测量或不同的MFs中并不统一。由于老化的影响,amcemp的TMTF变平,整体范围减小。这项研究的结果增强了我们对前庭系统年龄相关变化的理解。将amcemp扩展到临床人群可能会导致对前庭疾病病理生理学的更深入了解。
Effects of Age on the Bone-Conduction Amplitude-Modulated cVEMP Temporal Modulation Transfer Function.
Objectives: Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) reflect saccular stimulation that results in an inhibitory muscle reflex recorded over the sternocleidomastoid muscle. These responses are utilized to study basic vestibular functions and are also applied clinically. Traditionally, cVEMPs have utilized transient stimuli such as clicks and tonebursts to evoke onset responses. Recently, amplitude-modulated tones have been used to elicit cVEMPs (AMcVEMPs). These AMcVEMP responses can provide information about the magnitude, phase synchrony, and nonlinearities from the vestibulo-collic reflexes that cannot be captured using other existing testing techniques. Although temporal modulation transfer functions (TMTFs) of AMcVEMPs for young, healthy adults have been established using different analysis techniques, there is currently no information regarding the effects of age on these responses. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the effects of age on AMcVEMPs across a broad range of modulation frequencies (MFs) using various AMcVEMP metrics including amplitude, signal to noise ratio (SNR), and phase coherence (PC).
Design: The study included 16 (aged 20 to 39 years) young, 17 (aged 40 to 59 years) mid-age, and 16 (60 to 75 years) older adults with no history of neurological, vestibular, or middle-ear complaints. The stimuli consisted of amplitude-modulated tones with a carrier frequency of 500 Hz and 10 MFs ranging from 11 to 397 Hz. These stimuli were presented using a B81 transducer at 123 dB FL. AMcVEMPs were recorded from the sternocleidomastoid muscle (ipsilateral to the stimulating mastoid) using surface electrodes. Response analysis was performed using an FFT-based approach with analyses including amplitude, SNR, and PC.
Results: AMcVEMP waveforms exhibited periodicity corresponding to the stimulus MF, consistent with previous observations. Furthermore, significant age-related degradation in AMcVEMP amplitude, SNR, and PC measures were observed across a broad range of MFs. While AMcVEMPs were elicited across a wide range of MFs (11 to 263 Hz) for young adults, in mid-age and older adults, these metrics were robust only across a narrower range of MFs, resulting in a reduced TMTF. In addition, the MF eliciting the most robust AMcVEMP varied across different AMcVEMP analysis metrics and age groups.
Conclusions: A significant decline in the AMcVEMP response is seen as an effect of aging; however, the effect of aging is not uniform across measures or across MFs. The TMTF of AMcVEMP gets flatter, and the overall range is reduced as an effect of aging. Results from this study enhance our understanding of age-related changes in the vestibular system. Expansion of AMcVEMP to clinical populations may lead to a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of vestibular disorders.
期刊介绍:
From the basic science of hearing and balance disorders to auditory electrophysiology to amplification and the psychological factors of hearing loss, Ear and Hearing covers all aspects of auditory and vestibular disorders. This multidisciplinary journal consolidates the various factors that contribute to identification, remediation, and audiologic and vestibular rehabilitation. It is the one journal that serves the diverse interest of all members of this professional community -- otologists, audiologists, educators, and to those involved in the design, manufacture, and distribution of amplification systems. The original articles published in the journal focus on assessment, diagnosis, and management of auditory and vestibular disorders.